Isifo samaphaphu esiphakathi

I-Interstitial lung disease (ILD) iyiqembu lokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu lapho izicubu zamaphaphu zivutha khona bese zilimala.

Amaphaphu aqukethe amasakana amancane omoya (alveoli), okuyilapho kufakwa khona umoya-mpilo. Lezi zikhwama zomoya ziyanda ngomoya ngamunye.

Izicubu ezizungeze lezi zingxowa zomoya zibizwa ngokuthi i-interstitium. Kubantu abanesifo samaphaphu esiphakathi, lesi sicubu siba lukhuni noma sibe nezibazi, futhi izikhwama zomoya azikwazi ukwanda kangako. Ngenxa yalokhu, hhayi oksijini omningi ongafika emzimbeni.

I-ILD ingenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo. Lokhu kubizwa nge-idiopathic ILD. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) yisifo esivame kakhulu salolu hlobo.

Kunezimbangela eziningi ezaziwayo ze-ILD, kufaka phakathi:

• Izifo ezizimele (lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela umzimba) njenge-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-sarcoidosis, ne-scleroderma.
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu ngenxa yokuphefumula ezintweni zangaphandle ezinjengezinhlobo ezithile zothuli, ukhunta, noma isikhunta (hypersensitivity pneumonitis).
• Imithi (efana ne-nitrofurantoin, i-sulfonamides, i-bleomycin, i-amiodarone, i-methotrexate, igolide, i-infliximab, i-etanercept, kanye neminye imithi ye-chemotherapy).
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe esifubeni.
• Ukusebenza noma ukuzungeza i-asbestosi, uthuli lwamalahle, uthuli lukakotini, nothuli lwesilica (olubizwa ngokuthi isifo semiphunga).

Ukubhema ugwayi kungandisa ingozi yokuba nezinhlobo ezithile ze-ILD futhi kungadala ukuthi lesi sifo sibe nzima kakhulu.

Ukuphefumula kancane kuyisifo esiyinhloko se-ILD. Ungaphefumula ngokushesha noma udinga ukuphefumula okujulile:

• Ekuqaleni, ukuphefumula okuncane kungahle kungabi nzima futhi kuqapheleka kuphela ngokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, neminye imisebenzi.
• Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungenzeka ngemisebenzi engatheni kangako njengokugeza noma ukugqoka, futhi njengoba lesi sifo siba sibi, noma sidla noma sikhuluma.

Iningi labantu abanalesi simo banesikhwehlela esomile. Ukukhwehlela okomile kusho ukuthi awukhwehleli noma yimaphi amafinyila noma isikhwehlela.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukukhathala, nobuhlungu bemisipha kanye namalunga nakho kukhona.

Abantu abane-ILD esezingeni eliphakeme bangaba nalokhu:

• Ukwandiswa okungavamile nokugoqeka kwesisekelo sezinzipho (ukubhoboza ikilabhu).
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wezindebe, isikhumba, noma izinzipho ngenxa yamazinga aphansi e-oxygen (cyanosis).
• Izimpawu zezinye izifo ezifana ne-arthritis noma inkinga yokugwinya (scleroderma), ehambisana ne-ILD.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Imisindo yokuphefumula eyomile, ekhahlazekayo ingase izwakale lapho ulalele isifuba nge-stethoscope.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izifo ezizimele
• I-Bronchoscopy nge-biopsy noma ngaphandle kwayo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba kwe-High resolution CT (HRCT)
• Isifuba se-MRI
• I-Echocardiogram
• Vula i-biopsy yamaphaphu
• Ukulinganiswa kwezinga le-oxygen yegazi ekuphumuleni noma lapho kusebenza
• Amagesi egazi
• Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wePulmonary
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhamba ngemizuzu eyisithupha (kubheka ukuthi ungahamba ibanga elingakanani ngemizuzu engu-6 nokuthi udinga ukuma kangaki ukuze uthole ukuphefumula kwakho)

Abantu abadalulwa kakhulu yizimbangela zesifo samaphaphu endaweni yokusebenza bavame ukuhlolelwa izifo zamaphaphu. Le misebenzi ifaka ukumba amalahle, ukuqhuma kwesihlabathi, nokusebenza emkhunjini.

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu nobude besifo. Imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba futhi yehlise ukuvuvukala emaphashini iyabekwa uma isifo esizimele sibangela inkinga.Kwabanye abantu abane-IPF, i-pirfenidone ne-nintedanib yimithi emibili engasetshenziswa ukwehlisa isifo. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalesi simo, inhloso ukukwenza ukhululeke ngokwengeziwe futhi usekele umsebenzi wamaphaphu:

• Uma ubhema, buza umhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthi ungakuyeka kanjani ukubhema.
• Abantu abanamazinga aphansi oksijini wegazi bazothola ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo emakhaya abo. Umelaphi wokuphefumula uzokusiza ukusetha i-oxygen. Imindeni idinga ukufunda isitoreji esifanele se-oxygen nokuphepha.

Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu kunganikeza ukusekelwa, futhi kukusize ufunde:

• Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuphefumula
• Ungayisetha kanjani ikhaya lakho ukonga amandla
• Ungadla kanjani amakhalori anele nezakhi zomzimba
• Ungahlala kanjani usebenza futhi unamandla

Abanye abantu abane-ILD esezingeni eliphakeme bangadinga ukufakelwa amaphaphu.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Ithuba lokululama noma i-ILD ibe yimbi kakhulu lincike embangela nokuthi isifo besinzima kangakanani lapho sitholwa okokuqala.

Abanye abantu abane-ILD baba nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi ophezulu emithanjeni yegazi yamaphaphu abo.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis inombono ongemuhle.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Ukuphefumula kwakho kuya kuba nzima, kuyashesha, noma kujule kakhulu kunakuqala
• Awukwazi ukuthola umoya ojulile, noma udinga ukuncika phambili lapho uhleli
• Uhlala uphathwa yikhanda kaningi
• Uzizwa ulele noma udidekile
• Unomkhuhlane
• Ukhwehlela amafinyila amnyama
• Izandla zakho noma isikhumba esizungeze izinzipho zakho siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ukusabalalisa isifo samaphaphu se-parenchymal; I-Alveolitis; Idiopathic pulmonary pneumonitis (IPP)

• Ungaphefumula kanjani uma ushoda ngokuphefumula
• Isifo samaphaphu esiphakathi - abantu abadala - ukukhipha
• Ukuphepha kwe-oksijeni
• Ukuhamba nezinkinga zokuphefumula
• Usebenzisa i-oxygen ekhaya

• Ukubhuqa
• Abasebenzi bamalahle i-pneumoconiosis - isigaba II
• Abasebenzi bamalahle i-pneumoconiosis - isigaba II
• Abasebenzi bamalahle i-pneumoconiosis, inzima
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

ICorte TJ, iDu Bois RM, i-Wells AU. Izifo zezicubu ezixhuma. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 65.

URaghu G, uMartinez FJ. Isifo samaphaphu esiphakathi. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 86.

URyu JH, Selman M, Colby TV, King TE. I-Idiopathic pneumonias yangaphakathi. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 63.