I-pneumonia etholwe esibhedlela

I-pneumonia etholwe yisibhedlela ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela. Lolu hlobo lwe-pneumonia lungaba nzima kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi, kungabulala.

I-pneumonia isifo esivamile. Kubangelwa amagciwane amaningi ahlukene. I-pneumonia eqala esibhedlela ivame ukuba yimbi kakhulu kunezinye izifo zamaphaphu ngoba:

• Abantu esibhedlela ngokuvamile bagula kakhulu futhi abakwazi ukulwa namagciwane.
• Izinhlobo zamagciwane akhona esibhedlela ngokuvamile ziyingozi kakhulu futhi ziyamelana nokwelashwa kunalezo ezingaphandle komphakathi.

I-pneumonia yenzeka kaningi kubantu abasebenzisa umshini wokuphefumula, okuwumshini obasiza ekuphefumuleni.

I-pneumonia etholwe esibhedlela nayo ingasatshalaliswa ngabasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, abakwazi ukudlulisa amagciwane ezandleni zabo, izingubo noma okokusebenza komunye umuntu baye komunye. Yingakho-ke ukugeza izandla, ukugqoka ama-gown, nokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu esibhedlela.

Abantu bangakwazi ukuthola i-pneumonia ngenkathi besesibhedlela uma:

• Ukuphuza ngokweqile
• Uye wahlinzwa isifuba noma okunye ukuhlinzwa okukhulu
• Yiba namasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ekwelashweni ngomdlavuza, emithini ethile, noma ezilondeni ezinzima
• Unesifo samaphaphu sesikhathi eside (esingapheli)
• Phefumulela amathe noma ukudla emaphashini ngenxa yokungaziqapheli ngokugcwele noma ukuba nezinkinga zokugwinya (ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi)
• Abaqaphile ngokwengqondo ngenxa yemithi noma ukugula
• Badala
• Zisemshinini wokuphefumula

Kubantu abadala asebekhulile, isibonakaliso sokuqala se-pneumonia esitholwe esibhedlela kungaba ukushintsha kwengqondo noma ukudideka.

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukukhwehlela okunesikhohlela esiluhlaza okotshani noma esifana nobomvu (isikhwehlela)
• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Ukungakhululeki okuvamile, ukungakhululeki, noma ukugula (malaise)
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu besifuba obucijile obuya buba nzima ngokuphefumula okujulile noma ukukhwehlela
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Kwehlise umfutho wegazi nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo

Uma umnakekeli wezempilo esola inyumoniya, kuzohlolwa ukuhlolwa. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ama-arterial blood gases, ukukala amazinga e-oxygen egazini
• Amasiko egazi, ukubona ukuthi ukutheleleka sekusabalele egazini
• I-x-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan, ukuhlola amaphaphu
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Pulse oximetry, ukukala amazinga e-oxygen egazini
• Isikohlela isikhwehlela noma ibala lesikhohlela, ukubona ukuthi yimaphi amagciwane abangela inyumoniya

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ama-antibiotic ngemithambo yakho (IV) ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Imithi elwa namagciwane oyinikezwayo izolwa namagciwane atholakala esikweni sakho sokukhwehlela noma okusolwa ukuthi yiwo abangela ukutheleleka.
• Oxygen ukukusiza uphefumule kangcono futhi ukwelashwa kwamaphaphu ukukhulula nokususa amafinyila aminyene emaphashini akho.
• I-Ventilator (umshini wokuphefumula) usebenzisa ithubhu noma imaski ukusekela ukuphefumula kwakho.

Abantu abanezinye izifo ezibucayi abapholi futhi ku-pneumonia njengabantu abangaguli kangako.

I-pneumonia etholwe esibhedlela ingaba yisifo esisongela impilo. Ukulimala kwamaphaphu kwesikhathi eside kungenzeka.

Abantu abavakashela abathandekayo babo esibhedlela kudingeka bathathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukusakazeka kwamagciwane. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunqanda ukusakazeka kwamagciwane ukugeza izandla zakho kaningi. Hlala ekhaya uma ugula. Gcina imigomo yakho isesikhathini.

Ngemuva kwanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, uzocelwa ukuthi uphefumule kakhulu futhi uzulazule ngokushesha okukhulu ukusiza ukugcina amaphaphu akho evulekile. Landela iseluleko somhlinzeki wakho ukusiza ukuvimbela inyumoniya.

Izibhedlela eziningi zinezinhlelo zokuvimbela izifo ezitholwa ezibhedlela.

Inyumoniya ye-nosocomial; I-pneumonia ehambisana ne-Ventilator; I-pneumonia ehlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo; I-HCAP

• I-pneumonia kubantu abadala - ukukhipha

• I-pneumonia etholwe esibhedlela
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

UChastre J, uLuyt C-E. I-pneumonia ehambisana nomoya. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 34.

UKalil AC, uMetersky ML, uKlompas M, et al. Ukuphathwa kwabantu abadala abane-pneumonia etholakale esibhedlela kanye ne-ventilator: imihlahlandlela yokwenza imitholampilo ye-2016 yi-Infectious Diseases Society of America kanye ne-American Thoracic Society. I-Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 63 (5): e61-e111. I-PMID: 27418577 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27418577.

UKlompas M. Nosocomial pneumonia. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 301.