I-Shigellosis

I-Shigellosis yisifo segciwane lesikhumba samathumbu. Kubangelwa iqembu lamagciwane abizwa nge-shigella.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-shigella bacteria, kufaka phakathi:

• Shigella sonnei, obizwa nangokuthi "iqembu D" shigella, ubhekene nezimo eziningi ze-shigellosis e-United States.
• Shigella flexneri, noma i- "group B" shigella, ibanga cishe wonke amanye amacala.
• IShigella dysenteriae, noma i- "group A" shigella ayivamile e-United States. Kodwa-ke, kungaholela ekuqubukeni okubulalayo emazweni asathuthuka.

Abantu abatheleleke ngamagciwane bayalikhiphela esitulweni sabo. Bangasabalalisa amabhaktheriya emanzini noma ekudleni, noma ngqo komunye umuntu. Ukuthola nje okuncane kwegciwane le-shigella emlonyeni wakho kwanele ukudala ukutheleleka.

Ukuqhamuka kwe-shigellosis kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlanzeka kwendle, ukudla namanzi angcolile, nezimo zokuphila eziminyene.

IShigellosis ijwayelekile phakathi kwabahambi emazweni asathuthuka kanye nabasebenzi noma abahlali emakamu ababaleki.

E-United States, lesi sifo sivame ukubonakala ezindaweni zokunakekela izingane nasezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona amaqembu abantu, njengamakhaya asebekhulile.

Izimpawu zivame ukukhula cishe izinsuku eziyi-1 kuye kwezi-7 (isilinganiso sezinsuku ezi-3) ngemuva kokuhlangana namagciwane.

Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu noma bokuqaqamba (ngokuzumayo)
• Umkhuhlane onamandla
• Igazi, i-mucus, noma i-pus esitokisini
• Ubuhlungu be-crampy rectal
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Uhudo olunamanzi nolunegazi

Uma unezimpawu ze-shigellosis, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzohlola:

• Ukwehla emzimbeni (uketshezi olwanele emzimbeni wakho) ngesilinganiso senhliziyo esisheshayo nomfutho wegazi ophansi
• Ubumnene besisu
• Izinga eliphakeme lamaseli amhlophe egazi
• Isiko lesiko lokuhlola amaseli amhlophe egazi

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukubuyisela uketshezi nama-electrolyte (usawoti namaminerali) alahlekile kuhudo.

Imithi evimba uhudo ngokuvamile ayinikezwa ngoba ingadala ukuthi ukutheleleka kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuthi kuphele.

Izinyathelo zokuzinakekela ukugwema ukungabi namanzi zihlanganisa ukuphuza izixazululo ze-electrolyte ukuze kubuyiselwe uketshezi olulahlekelwe uhudo. Izinhlobo eziningi zezixazululo ze-electrolyte zitholakala ngaphezu kwe-counter (ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela).

Ama-antibiotic angasiza ukunciphisa ubude bokugula. Le mithi futhi isiza ukuvimbela ukugula ukuthi kungasabalali kwabanye ekuhlaleni kweqembu noma kumasethingi enkulisa. Zingabuye zinikezwe abantu abanezimpawu ezinzima.

Uma unesifo sohudo futhi ungakwazi ukuphuza uketshezi ngomlomo ngenxa yesicanucanu esibi, ungadinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa namanzi afakwa emithanjeni (IV). Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane ezine-shigellosis.

Abantu abathatha isisu ("amaphilisi amanzi") kungadingeka ukuthi bayeke ukuphuza le mithi uma bene-acute shigella enteritis. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha noma imuphi umuthi ngaphandle kokuqala ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho.

Ukutheleleka kungaba mnene futhi kudlule ngokwakho. Iningi labantu, ngaphandle kwezingane ezingondlekile nalabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, bavame ukululama ngokuphelele.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni, kunzima
• I-Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), uhlobo lokwehluleka kwezinso olunenkinga yokushoda kwegazi kanye nezinkinga zokujiya
• I-arthritis esebenzayo

Cishe izingane ezi-1 kwezingu-10 (ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15) ezine-shigella enteritis ezinzima ziba nezinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuquleka okuncane (okubizwa nangokuthi "ukulingana nemfiva") lapho izinga lokushisa komzimba likhuphuka ngokushesha futhi ingane iquleka. Isifo sobuchopho (i-encephalopathy) esinekhanda, isicefe, ukudideka nentamo elukhuni naso singakhula.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uhudo lungathuthuki, uma kunegazi esitokisini, noma uma kunezimpawu zokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni.

Iya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo uma lezi zimpawu zivela kumuntu one-shigellosis:

• Ukudideka
• Ikhanda elinentamo elukhuni
• Imikhuba emibi
• Ukuquleka

Lezi zimpawu zivame kakhulu ezinganeni.

Ukuvimbela kufaka ukuphatha kahle, ukugcina, nokulungisa ukudla, kanye nenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu. Ukugeza izandla kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvikela i-shigellosis. Gwema ukudla namanzi okungase kungcoliswe.

IShigella gastroenteritis; IShigella enteritis; I-Enteritis - shigella; I-gastroenteritis - i-shigella; Uhudo lwabahambi - shigellosis

• Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla
• Izitho zohlelo lokugaya ukudla
• Amagciwane

IMelia JMP, Sears CL. I-enteritis ethathelwanayo ne-proctocolitis. Ku: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, ama-eds. Sleisenger kanye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 110.

I-Keusch GT, Ngaphezu AKM. I-Shigellosis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 293.

IKotloff KL. I-gastroenteritis enamandla ezinganeni. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 366.

IKotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Ngaphezu AKM. I-Shigellosis. I-Lancet. 2018; 391 (10122): 801-812. I-PMID: 29254859 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29254859/.