I-Acromegaly

I-Acromegaly yisimo lapho kune-hormone enkulu kakhulu yokukhula (GH) emzimbeni.

I-Acromegaly yisimo esingajwayelekile. Kubangelwa lapho i-pituitary gland yenza i-hormone yokukhula eningi kakhulu. Indlala ye-pituitary iyindlala encane ye-endocrine enamathele ezansi kobuchopho. Ilawula, yenze futhi ikhiphe ama-hormone amaningi, kufaka phakathi i-hormone yokukhula.

Imvamisa isimila esingenalo umdlavuza (esibi) sendlala yendlala sikhipha i-hormone yokukhula eningi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezingavamile, izicubu zepituitary zingazuzwa njengefa.

Ezinganeni, i-GH eningi kakhulu ibangela i-gigantism kune-acromegaly.

Izimpawu ze-acromegaly zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Iphunga lomzimba
• Igazi esitokisini
• I-Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Ukwehla kwamandla emisipha (ubuthakathaka)
• Ukwehla kombono wangaphandle
• Ukukhathala okulula
• Ukuphakama okweqile (lapho ukukhiqizwa okweqile kwe-GH kuqala ebuntwaneni)
• Ukujuluka okweqile
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukwandiswa kwenhliziyo, okungadala ukuquleka
• Ukungahambi kahle
• Ubuhlungu bomhlathi
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene, ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe okuhlangene, ukuvuvukala kwezindawo ezinamathambo ezungeze ilunga
• Amathambo amakhulu obuso, umhlathi omkhulu nolimi, amazinyo ahlukaniswe kabanzi
• Izinyawo ezinkulu (shintsha ngosayizi wesicathulo), izandla ezinkulu (shintsha indandatho noma usayizi weglavu)
• Izindlala ezinkulu esikhunjeni (izindlala ezibusayo) ezibangela isikhumba esinamafutha, ukuqina kwesikhumba, amathegi esikhumba (ukukhula)
• I-apnea yokulala
• Iminwe noma izinzwane ezinwetshiwe, ngokuvuvukala, ngokubomvu, nangezinhlungu

Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zivele ngalesi sifo:

• Ama-polyp polyps
• Ukukhula kwezinwele okweqile kwabesifazane (hirsutism)
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Thayipha 2 sikashukela
• Ukwandiswa kwendlala yegilo
• Ukuzuza kwesisindo

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu zakho.

Lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo zinga-odwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa kwe-acromegaly futhi kubhekwe nezinkinga:

• Iglucose yegazi
• Ozokusebenzisa kanye ozokusebenzisa test ukucindezelwa
• Ukukhula okufana ne-insulin 1 (IGF-1)
• Iprolactin
• I-x-ray yomgogodla
• I-MRI yobuchopho, kufaka phakathi i-pituitary gland
• I-Echocardiogram
• Colonoscopy
• Isifundo sokulala

Olunye uvivinyo lunga-oda ukubheka ukuthi yonke le ndlala ye-pituitary isebenza ngokujwayelekile.

Ukuhlinzwa ukususa i-pituitary tumor edala lesi simo kuvame ukulungisa i-GH engajwayelekile. Kwesinye isikhathi, isimila sikhulu kakhulu ukuthi singasuswa ngokuphelele futhi i-acromegaly ayelapheki. Kulokhu, imithi kanye nemisebe (i-radiotherapy) ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-acromegaly.

Abanye abantu abanezicubu okunzima kakhulu ukuzikhipha ngokuhlinzwa baphathwa ngemithi esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa. Le mithi ingavimba ukukhiqizwa kwe-GH kusuka endleni ye-pituitary noma ivimbele isenzo se-GH kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ngemuva kokwelashwa, uzodinga ukubona umhlinzeki wakho njalo ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi indlala yepituitary isebenza ngokujwayelekile nokuthi i-acromegaly ayibuyi. Kunconywa ukuhlolwa konyaka.

Lezi zinsizakusebenza zingahlinzeka ngeminye imininingwane nge-acromegaly:

• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/acromegaly
• Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yezinkinga Ezingajwayelekile - rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/acromegaly

Ukuhlinzwa kwesikhumba kuyaphumelela kubantu abaningi, kuya ngosayizi wesimila nokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-neurosurgeon enezimila zepituitary.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izimpawu zizoba zimbi kakhulu. Kungaba nezimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela kanye nesifo senhliziyo.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Unezimpawu ze-acromegaly
• Izimpawu zakho azithuthuki ngokwelashwa

I -cromegaly ayinakuvinjelwa. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungavimbela lesi sifo ukuthi sikhule kakhulu futhi kusize ukugwema izinkinga.

Somatotroph adenoma; I-hormone yokukhula ngokweqile; Ozokusebenzisa secreting pituitary adenoma; I-pituitary giant (ebuntwaneni)

• Izindlala ze-Endocrine

UKatznelson L, Imithetho ER Jr, Melmed S, et al. I-Acromegaly: umhlahlandlela womkhuba womtholampilo womphakathi we-endocrine. UJ Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 99 (11): 3933-3951. I-PMID: 25356808 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25356808.

Klein I. Izinkinga ze-Endocrine nesifo senhliziyo. Ku: Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Izifo Zenhliziyo zeBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 81.

Melmed S. Acromegaly. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, abahleli. I-Endocrinology: Eyabantu Abadala Neyengane. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 12.