I-Hypervitaminosis A

I-Hypervitaminosis A yisifo lapho kukhona uvithamini A omningi kakhulu emzimbeni.

UVitamin A uvithamini oncibilika emafutheni ogcinwa esibindini. Ukudla okuningi kunevithamini A, kufaka phakathi:

• Inyama, inhlanzi nezinkukhu
• Imikhiqizo yobisi
• Ezinye izithelo nemifino

Ezinye izithako zokudla zinevithamini A.

Izithasiselo ziyimbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu yobuthi bukavithamini A. Kujwayele ukungaveli nje ngokudla ukudla okunothe uvithamini A.

Uvithamini A omningi kakhulu ungakugulisa. Ukuthatha amanani amakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungadala ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa.

• Ubuthi obukhulu bukavithamini A buvela ngokushesha. Kungenzeka lapho umuntu omdala ethatha uvithamini A. amayunithi angamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamazwe omhlaba (IUs).
• Ubuthi obungapheli be-vitamin A bungavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubantu abadala abathatha njalo ama-25,000 IU ngosuku.
• Izingane nezingane zizwela kakhulu ku-vitamin A. Bangagula ngemuva kokuthatha imithamo emincane yayo. Imikhiqizo egwinyayo equkethe uvithamini A, njengokhilimu wesikhumba one-retinol kuyo, nayo ingadala ubuthi bukavithamini A.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukuthanjiswa okungajwayelekile kwethambo logebhezi (ezinganeni nasezinganeni)
• Ukubona okufiphele
• Ubuhlungu bamathambo noma ukuvuvukala
• Ukuqhuma kwendawo ethambile kugebhezi lwengane (fontanelle)
• Izinguquko zokuqwashisa noma ukwazi
• Ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla
• Isiyezi
• Umbono ophindwe kabili (ezinganeni ezincane)
• Ukozela
• Izinguquko zezinwele, njengokulahleka kwezinwele nezinwele ezinamafutha
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuthukuthela
• Ukulimala kwesibindi
• Isicanucanu
• Ukuzuza kwesisindo esibi (ezinganeni nasezinganeni)
• Izinguquko zesikhumba, njengokuqhekeka emakhoneni omlomo, ukuzwela okuphezulu ekukhanyeni kwelanga, isikhumba esinamafutha, ukuxebuka, ukulunywa, nombala ophuzi esikhumbeni
• Umbono uyashintsha
• Ukuhlanza

Lezi zivivinyo zingenziwa uma kusolwa izinga eliphakeme levithamini A:

• Amathambo ama-x-ray
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-calcium yegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol
• Isivivinyo somsebenzi wesibindi
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izinga likavithamini A
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amanye amazinga wamavithamini

Ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukumisa nje izithasiselo (noma ezimweni ezingavamile, ukudla) okuqukethe i-vitamin A.

Iningi labantu lilulama ngokuphelele.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-calcium
• Ukwehluleka ukuchuma (ezinganeni)
• Ukulimala kwezinso ngenxa ye-calcium ephezulu
• Ukulimala kwesibindi

Ukuthatha kakhulu uvithamini A ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungadala ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngokudla ukudla okufanele ngenkathi ukhulelwe.

Kufanele ushayele umhlinzeki wakho:

• Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho kungenzeka ukuthi nithathe uvithamini A omningi kakhulu
• Unezimpawu zevithamini A eyeqile

Ukuthi udinga uvithamini A ongakanani kuya ngeminyaka yakho nobulili bakho. Ezinye izinto, njengokukhulelwa nempilo yakho iyonke, nazo zibalulekile. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi yiliphi inani elikulungele kakhulu.

Ukugwema i-hypervitaminosis A, ungathathi ngaphezu kwesabelo esinconywayo sansuku zonke sale vithamini.

Abanye abantu bathatha izithasiselo zikavithamini A ne-beta carotene ngenkolelo yokuthi izosiza ukuvikela umdlavuza. Lokhu kungaholela ku-hypervitaminosis A engapheli uma abantu bethatha okungaphezu kokunconywayo.

Uvithamini A ubuthi

• Umthombo ka-Vitamin A.

Iphaneli Yesikhungo Sezokwelapha (i-US) kuma-Micronutrients. Ukufakwa Kwezikhombo Zezokudla ku-Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, neZinc. IWashington, DC: I-National Academies Press; 2001. PMID: 25057538 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25057538/.

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UMason JB, iBooth SL. Amavithamini, umkhondo wamaminerali, namanye ama-micronutrients. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 205.

URoberts NB, Taylor A, Sodi R. Vitamin nezinto zokulandela ngomkhondo. Ku: Rifai N, ed. I-Tietz Textbook ye-Clinical Chemistry kanye ne-Molecular Diagnostics. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 37.

URoss AC. Ukushoda kuka-Vitamin A nokuningi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 61.