I-osteoporosis

I-osteoporosis yisifo lapho amathambo eba buthakathaka futhi abe nethuba lokuphuka (ukuphuka).

I-osteoporosis uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo samathambo.

I-osteoporosis yandisa amathuba okuphuka ithambo. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa yabo bonke abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 bayoqhekeka inqulu, isihlakala, noma i-vertebra (amathambo omgogodla) ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo. Ukuqhekeka komgogodla yikhona okuvame kakhulu.

Umzimba wakho udinga amaminerali calcium ne-phosphate ukwenza nokugcina amathambo aphilile.

• Ngesikhathi sempilo yakho, umzimba wakho uyaqhubeka nokubuyisa ithambo elidala futhi udale ithambo elisha.
• Uma nje umzimba wakho unebhalansi enhle yethambo elisha nelidala, amathambo akho ahlala enempilo futhi eqinile.
• Ukulahleka kwamathambo kwenzeka lapho ithambo elidala kakhulu liphinde labuyiselwa kunethambo elisha.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ukulahleka kwethambo kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukulahleka kwamathambo namathambo amancane kugijima emindenini. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane abamhlophe, asebekhulile yibo abangahle baphelelwe amathambo.

Amathambo a-brittle, entekenteke angadalwa yinoma yini eyenza umzimba wakho ubhubhise amathambo amaningi kakhulu, noma uvimbele umzimba wakho ekwenzeni ithambo elisha elanele. Njengoba ukhula, umzimba wakho ungaphinda usebenzise i-calcium ne-phosphate emathanjeni akho esikhundleni sokugcina lawa amaminerali emathanjeni akho. Lokhu kwenza amathambo akho abe ntekenteke.

Ingozi enkulu ukungabi nayo i-calcium eyanele yokwakha izicubu ezintsha zethambo. Kubalulekile ukudla / ukuphuza ukudla okwanele okune-calcium eningi. Udinga novithamini D, ngoba usiza umzimba wakho ukumunca i-calcium. Amathambo akho angase aphuke futhi abe nethuba lokuphuka uma:

• Uma ungadli ukudla okwanele nge-calcium novithamini D
• Umzimba wakho awumunci i-calcium eyanele ekudleni kwakho, njengasemuva kokuhlinzwa kokudlula esiswini

Ezinye izimbangela zokulahleka kwethambo zifaka:

• Ukwehla kwe-estrogen kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kanye nokwehla kwe-testosterone emadodeni njengoba ekhula
• Ukuvalelwa embhedeni ngenxa yokugula isikhathi eside (kuthinta kakhulu amathambo ezinganeni)
• Ukuba nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezibangela ukuvuvukala okwandayo emzimbeni
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile, njengemithi ethile yokuquleka, ukwelashwa kwamahomoni wendlala yabesilisa noma umdlavuza webele, nemithi ye-steroid ethathwe ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zifaka:

• Ukungabikho kwezikhathi zokuya esikhathini isikhathi eside
• Umlando womndeni we-osteoporosis
• Ukuphuza inani elikhulu lotshwala
• Isisindo somzimba esiphansi
• Ukubhema
• Ukuba nenkinga yokudla, njenge-anorexia nervosa

Azikho izimpawu ezingeni lokuqala le-osteoporosis. Izikhathi eziningi, abantu bazoqhekeka ngaphambi kokufunda ukuthi banesifo.

Ukuphuka kwamathambo omgogodla kungadala ubuhlungu cishe noma kuphi emgogodleni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ama-compression fractures. Zivame ukuvela ngaphandle kokulimala. Ubuhlungu buvela ngokuzuma noma kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kungaba nokulahleka kokuphakama (okungama-intshi ayi-6 noma amasentimitha ayi-15 ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuma okugoqiwe noma isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-dowager's hump singakhula.

Ukuskena kwe-DEXA yi-x-ray enemisebe ephansi ekala ukuminyana kwamaminerali emathanjeni akho. Imvamisa, ikala ukuminyana emathanjeni omgogodla nasesinqeni. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo usebenzisa lesi sivivinyo uku:

• Xilonga ukulahleka kwamathambo namathambo.
• Ukubikezela ubungozi bakho bokuphuka kwamathambo esikhathini esizayo.
• Bona ukuthi umuthi we-osteoporosis usebenza kahle kanjani. (I-DEXA ivame ukuphindwa njalo eminyakeni emibili.)

Umgogodla noma i-hip x-ray elula ingakhombisa ukuphuka noma ukuwa kwamathambo omgogodla. Kodwa-ke, ama-x-ray alula amanye amathambo awanembi kakhulu ekubikezeleni ukuthi kungenzeka yini ube ne-osteoporosis. I-x-ray yomgogodla omusha ophansi wemisebe ebizwa nge-vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) manje seyenziwa nge-DEXA ukukhomba kangcono ukuphuka okungenazo izimpawu.

Ungadinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo uma umhlinzeki wakho ecabanga ukuthi imbangela ye-osteoporosis yakho yisimo sezokwelapha, kunokulahleka kwamathambo okuhamba kancane okwenzeka ngokuguga.

Imiphumela yeskena ye-DEXA qhathanisa ukuqina kwamaminerali akho kanye nomuntu omdala osemusha ongenalo ithambo futhi nabantu abangontanga yakho nobulili bakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho uneminyaka engama-80, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabesifazane abanokuwohloka kwethambo okuhlobene nobudala okujwayelekile bayoba ne-osteoporosis, ngokuya ngemiphumela yabo yokuskena ye-DEXA.

Ukwelashwa kwe-osteoporosis kungabandakanya:

• Ukwenza izinguquko endleleni ophila ngayo, njengokushintsha indlela odla ngayo nokuvivinya umzimba
• Ukuthatha izithako ze-calcium nevithamini D
• Kusetshenziswa imithi

Imithi isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa amathambo lapho:

• I-osteoporosis itholwe yisifundo sokuqina kwamathambo, noma ngabe unephuka noma cha, futhi ingozi yakho yokuqhekeka iphezulu.
• Ube nokuqhekeka kwamathambo, nokuhlolwa kwamathambo kukhombisa ukuthi unamathambo amancane, kepha hhayi i-osteoporosis.

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-osteoporosis ifaka:

• Ama-bisphosphonates - izidakamizwa eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela nokwelapha i-osteoporosis kwabesifazane be-postmenopausal. Zinganikezwa ngomlomo noma nge-IV.
• I-Denusomab - inciphisa ukulahleka kwethambo futhi ikhulise ukuqina kwamathambo. Inikezwe ngomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
• I-Teriparatide noma i-abaloparatide - izinhlobo ezenziwe ngomuntu zehomoni umzimba wakho owenza lokho kwandisa ubukhulu bamathambo.
• I-Romosozumab - umuthi omusha wokuncipha kwamathambo okunzima kakhulu.
  Ama-modulators we-Estrogen receptor.
  ICalcitonin - ifomu elenziwe ngabantu lehomoni elenziwa ngumzimba wakho elenza ukwanda kwamathambo Kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha ubuhlungu obungazelelwe obuvela ekuqhekekeni komgogodla

Ubude besikhathi owesifazane adinga ukuyithatha le mithi buxhomeke ebangeni lakhe lobungozi. Izincomo zifaka:

• Ingozi yokuqhekeka okuphansi - iminyaka emihlanu yokwelashwa ngomlomo noma iminyaka emithathu yokwelashwa kwe-IV
• Ingozi ephezulu yokuqhekeka - iminyaka eyi-10 yokwelashwa ngomlomo noma iminyaka eyisithupha yokwelashwa kwe-IV

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kudlala indima enkulu ekulondolozeni ukuqina kwamathambo kubantu abadala asebekhulile. Ezinye izivivinyo ezinconyelwe ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuphuka zifaka:

• Ukuzivocavoca okunesisindo, njengokuhamba, ukugijima, ukudlala ithenisi, noma ukudansa okungenani imizuzu engama-30, kathathu ngesonto.
• Izisindo zamahhala, imishini yesisindo, amabhande wokunwebeka
• Ukuzivocavoca ibhalansi, njenge-tai chi ne-yoga
• Imishini yokugwedla

Gwema noma yikuphi ukuzivocavoca okubeka ingozi yokuwa. Futhi, ungenzi izivivinyo ezinomthelela omkhulu ezingadala ukuphuka kubantu abadala asebekhulile.

Landela le mihlahlandlela yokuthola i-calcium eyanele novithamini D:

• Abantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-50 kufanele babe no-1,000 mg we-calcium no-400 kuya ku-800 Units International (IU) ka-vitamin D ngosuku.
• Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-51 kuya kwengama-70 kufanele babe ne-1,200 mg ye-calcium no-400 kuya ku-800 IU ka-vitamin D ngosuku.
• Abesilisa abaneminyaka engu-51 kuya ku-70 kufanele babe ne-1,000 mg ye-calcium no-400 kuya ku-800 IU kavithamini D ngosuku.
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 kufanele babe ne-1,200 mg ye-calcium no-800 IU ka-vitamin D ngosuku.
• Umhlinzeki wakho angancoma isengezo se-calcium.
• Landela ukudla okunikeza inani elifanele le-calcium novithamini D. Sebenzisa izithako zokwengeza ukushoda kuphela uma indlela odla ngayo ingenayo imali enconyiwe.
• Umhlinzeki wakho angancoma imithamo ephakeme kavithamini D uma unezinto ezinobungozi bokukhumuzeka kwamathambo noma izinga eliphansi lale vithamini.

(Qaphela: Amanye amaqembu ochwepheshe awanaso isiqiniseko sokuthi izinzuzo nokuphepha kwala manani kavithamini D ne-calcium kudlula ubungozi bawo. Qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa nomhlinzeki wakho ngokuthi ngabe izithasiselo ziyisinqumo esihle yini kuwe.)

Yeka imikhuba engenampilo:

• Yeka ukubhema, uma ubhema.
• Nciphisa ukuphuza kwakho. Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala kungalimaza amathambo akho. Lokhu kukubeka engcupheni yokuwa uphuke ithambo.

Kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuwa kwabantu asebekhulile. Lezi ziphakamiso zingasiza:

• Ungathathi imishanguzo ekwenza wozele futhi ungantengantengi. Uma kufanele uzithathe, qaphela ngokwengeziwe lapho uvuka futhi uhambahamba. Isibonelo, bambelela kuma-countertops noma ifenisha eqinile ukugwema ukuwa.
• Susa izingozi zasendlini, njengokuphonsa amatagi, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuwa.
• Shiya izibani zikhanyiswe ebusuku ukuze ubone kangcono lapho uhamba uzungeze indlu yakho.
• Faka futhi usebenzise imigoqo yokubamba ukuphepha endlini yangasese.
• Faka i-antislip flooring kubhavu nasemashaweni.
• Qiniseka ukuthi umbono wakho muhle. Hlola amehlo akho kanye noma kabili ngonyaka ngudokotela wamehlo.
• Gqoka izicathulo ezilingana kahle nezinezithende eziphansi. Lokhu kufaka ama-slippers. Iziliphu ezingenazo izithende zingadala ukuthi ukhubeke uwe.
• Ungahambi wedwa ngaphandle ngezinsuku ezibandayo.

Ukuhlinzwa ukwelapha izinhlungu ezinzima, ezikhubaza ukuphuka komgogodla ngenxa ye-osteoporosis kufaka:

• I-Kyphoplasty (into efakwa ethanjeni lomgogodla wakho ukubuyisela ukuphakama kwama-vertebrae)
• Ukuhlanganiswa komgogodla (amathambo omgogodla wakho ahlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze angahambi)

Imithi yokwelapha i-osteoporosis ingasiza ekuvikeleni ukuqhekeka kwesikhathi esizayo. Amathambo omgogodla asevele ewile awakwazi ukuqiniswa.

I-osteoporosis ingadala ukuthi umuntu akhubazeke emathanjeni abuthakathaka. Ukuqhekeka kwe-Hip kungenye yezizathu ezinkulu zokungeniswa kwabantu emakhaya asebekhulile.

Qiniseka ukuthi uthola i-calcium ne-vitamin D eyanele yokwakha nokugcina amathambo enempilo. Ukulandela ukudla okunempilo, nokulinganisela kahle kungakusiza uthole lezi nezinye izakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile.

Amanye amathiphu wokuvimbela:

• Ungaphuzi utshwala obuningi.
• Ungabhemi.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo.

Imithi ingalapha i-osteoporosis futhi ivikele ukuqhekeka. Umhlinzeki wakho angakutshela uma kukhona okulungele wena.

Amathambo amancane Ubuningi bamathambo; Isifo samathambo somzimba; Ukuqhekeka kwe-Hip - i-osteoporosis; Ukucindezela ukuphuka - i-osteoporosis; Ukuphuka kwesihlakala - ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo

• Ukwephuka kwe-Hip - ukukhishwa
• Ukuvimbela ukuwa

• Ukuphuka kokucindezela
• Iskena sokuqina kwamathambo
• I-osteoporosis
• I-osteoporosis
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-Hip
• Umthombo ka-Vitamin D
• Inzuzo yeCalcium
• Umthombo we-calcium
• Ukuvivinya amathambo
• Izinguquko emgogodleni ngokukhula

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