Izimbangela nezingozi zokukhuluphala ezinganeni

Lapho izingane zidla ngaphezu kwalokho ezikudingayo, imizimba yazo igcina amakhalori angeziwe kumaseli amafutha ukuze iwasebenzisele amandla kamuva. Uma imizimba yabo ingawadingi la mandla agciniwe, baba namaseli anamafutha amaningi futhi bangakhuluphala.

Akunasici esisodwa noma indlela yokuziphatha ebangela ukukhuluphala. Ukukhuluphala kubangelwa izinto eziningi, kufaka phakathi imikhuba yomuntu, indlela aphila ngayo, nendawo ahlala kuyo. Izakhi zofuzo nezinye izinkinga zokwelashwa nazo zandisa amathuba omuntu okuba yisidudla.

Izinsana nezingane ezincane zikwazi kahle ukulalela izimpawu zemizimba yazo yendlala nokusutha. Bazokuyeka ukudla uma nje imizimba yabo ibatshela ukuthi sebenele. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi umzali onezinhloso ezinhle ubatshela ukuthi kufanele baqedele konke okusendishini yabo. Lokhu kubaphoqa ukuthi bangakunaki ukusutha kwabo futhi badle konke abanikwa kona.

Indlela esidla ngayo lapho siseyizingane ingathinta kakhulu indlela esiziphatha ngayo njengabantu abadala. Lapho siphinda lokhu kuziphatha eminyakeni eminingi, kuba imikhuba. Zithinta lokho esikudlayo, ukuthi sidla nini, nokuthi sidla okungakanani.

Ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha ezifundwayo zifaka phakathi ukusebenzisa ukudla ku:

• Umvuzo wokuziphatha okuhle
• Funa induduzo lapho sizizwa sidabukile
• Veza uthando

Le mikhuba efundwayo iholela ekudleni noma ngabe silambile noma sisuthi. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kunzima kakhulu ukwephula le mikhuba.

Umndeni, abangane, izikole, nezinsiza zomphakathi endaweni yengane ziqinisa imikhuba yempilo maqondana nokudla nomsebenzi.

Izingane zizungezwe izinto eziningi ezenza kube lula ukudla ngokweqile futhi kube nzima ukusebenza:

• Abazali banesikhathi esincane sokuhlela nokulungisa ukudla okunempilo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izingane zidla ukudla okwenziwe kakhudlwana futhi okusheshayo okuvame ukuba nempilo encane kunokudla okuphekwe ekhaya.
• Izingane zibona kuze kube ngu-10 000 izimakethe zokudla minyaka yonke. Eziningi zalezi zinto ezenzelwe ukudla okusheshayo, uswidi, iziphuzo ezibandayo namabele okushukela.
• Ukudla okwengeziwe namuhla kusetshenzisiwe futhi kunamafutha amaningi futhi kuqukethe ushukela omningi.
• Imishini ethengisayo kanye nezitolo ezilula yenza kube lula ukuthola ukudla okulula ngokushesha, kepha kuyaqabukela bathengise ukudla okunempilo.
• Ukudla ngokweqile kuwumkhuba oqiniswa izindawo zokudlela ezikhangisa ukudla okunama-kilojoule amaningi nosayizi bezingxenye ezinkulu.

Uma umzali ekhuluphele kakhulu futhi engadli kahle futhi ejwayela ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ingane kungenzeka ukuthi nayo yenze imikhuba efanayo.

Isikhathi sesikrini, njengokubuka ithelevishini, ukudlala imidlalo, ukuthumela imiyalezo, nokudlala kukhompyutha yimisebenzi edinga amandla amancane kakhulu. Zithatha isikhathi esiningi futhi zishintshe ukusebenza komzimba. Futhi, lapho izingane zibuka i-TV, zivame ukufisa ukudla okulula okungenamsoco okunama-kilojoule amaningi ezikubona ezikhangisweni.

Izikole zinendima ebalulekile ekufundiseni abafundi ngokukhetha ukudla okunempilo nokuvivinya umzimba. Izikole eziningi manje zikhawulela ukudla okungenampilo emini nasemishinini yokuthengisa. Baphinde bakhuthaze abafundi ukuthi bazivocavoce kakhulu.

Ukuba nomphakathi ophephile osekela imisebenzi yangaphandle emapaki, noma imisebenzi yangaphakathi ezikhungweni zomphakathi, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukuvivinya umzimba. Uma umzali ezwa ukuthi akuphephile ukuvumela ingane yakhe ukuthi idlale ngaphandle, ingane kungenzeka ukuthi yenze imisebenzi yokuhlala ngaphakathi.

Igama elithi ukuphazamiseka kokudla lisho iqembu lezinkinga zezokwelapha ezinokugxila okungenampilo ekudleni, ekudleni, ekunciphiseni noma ekutholeni isisindo, nasemfanekisweni womzimba. Izibonelo zokuphazamiseka kokudla yilezi:

• I-Anorexia
• IBulimia

Ukukhuluphala nokuphazamiseka kokudla kuvame ukwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye kwentsha nasebekhulile abangahle bangajabuli ngomzimba wabo.

Ezinye izingane zisengozini enkulu yokukhuluphala ngenxa yezici zofuzo.Bazuze izakhi zofuzo kubazali babo ezenza imizimba yabo ikhuluphale kalula. Lokhu bekungaba yisici esihle kakhulu emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, lapho ukudla kwakunzima ukukuthola futhi abantu babekhuthele. Namuhla, noma kunjalo, lokhu kungasebenza kubantu abanalezi zofuzo.

Izakhi zofuzo akuyona ukuphela kwembangela yokukhuluphala. Ukuze zikhuluphale, izingane kufanele futhi zidle amakhalori amaningi kunalokho ezikudingayo ukuze zikhule namandla.

Ukukhuluphala kungaxhunyaniswa nezimo zofuzo ezingavamile, njengePrader Willi syndrome. I-Prader Willi syndrome yisifo esivele kusukela ekuzalweni (kokuzalwa). Kuyimbangela yezakhi zofuzo ejwayelekile kakhulu yokukhuluphala ngokweqile kwengane.

Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zingakhuphula isifiso sengane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuphazamiseka kwamahomoni noma ukusebenza kwe-thyroid okuphansi, nemithi ethile, efana ne-steroids noma imithi elwa nokuquleka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma yikuphi kwalokhu kungakhuphula ubungozi bokukhuluphala ngokweqile.

Ukhuluphele ngokweqile ezinganeni - izimbangela nezingozi

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Izimbangela zokukhuluphala kwengane kanye nezinkinga. www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/causes.html. Kubuyekezwe uSepthemba 2, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 8, 2020.

UGahagan S. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds.Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 60.

U-O'Connor EA, u-Evans CV, uBurda BU, uWalsh ES, u-Eder M, uLozano P. Ukuhlola ukukhuluphala nokungenelela kokulawulwa kwesisindo ezinganeni nasebusheni: umbiko wobufakazi nokubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwe-US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2017; 317 (23): 2427-2444. I-PMID: 28632873 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28632873/.