Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini

I-cholesterol ngamafutha (abizwa nangokuthi i-lipid) umzimba wakho odinga ukusebenza kahle. I-cholesterol embi kakhulu ingakhuphula amathuba akho okuthola isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi nezinye izinkinga.

Igama lezokwelapha le-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi yi-lipid disorder, i-hyperlipidemia, noma i-hypercholesterolemia.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-cholesterol. Lezi okukhulunywa ngazo kakhulu yilezi:

• Ingqikithi ye-cholesterol - wonke ama-cholesterols ahlanganisiwe
• Isisindo esiphakeme se-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol - esivame ukubizwa nge-cholesterol "enhle"
• Isisindo esiphansi se-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol - esivame ukubizwa nge-cholesterol "embi"

Kubantu abaningi, amazinga angavamile we-cholesterol ngokwengxenye ngenxa yendlela yokuphila engenampilo. Lokhu kuvame ukufaka ukudla okunamafutha amaningi. Ezinye izinto zokuphila yilezi:

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba

Ezinye izimo zezempilo nazo zingaholela ku-cholesterol engavamile, kufaka phakathi:

• Isifo sikashukela
• Isifo sezinso
• Isifo se-Polycystic ovary
• Ukukhulelwa nezinye izimo ezandisa amazinga ama-hormone abesifazane
• Indlala yegilo engasebenzi

Imithi efana namaphilisi athile okulawula ukubeletha, isisu (amaphilisi amanzi), ama-beta-blocker, kanye neminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukudangala ingaphakamisa amazinga e-cholesterol. Ukuphazamiseka okuningana okudluliselwa emindenini kuholela kuma-cholesterol angajwayelekile namazinga e-triglyceride. Kubandakanya:

• I-hyperlipidemia ejwayelekile ehlanganisiwe
• I-dysbetalipoproteinemia ejwayelekile
• I-hypercholesterolemia ejwayelekile
• I-hypertriglyceridemia ejwayelekile

Ukubhema akubangeli amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol, kodwa kunganciphisa i-cholesterol yakho ye-HDL (enhle).

Ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol kwenziwa ukuthola ukuxilongwa kwe-lipid. Ochwepheshe abehlukene bancoma iminyaka ehlukene yokuqala kubantu abadala.

• Izikhathi zokuqala ezinconyiwe ziphakathi kuka-20 kuya ku-35 kwabesilisa no-20 kuye ku-45 kwabesifazane.
• Abantu abadala abanamazinga ejwayelekile we-cholesterol akudingeki ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuphindwe iminyaka emi-5.
• Phinda ukuhlolwa ngokushesha uma izinguquko zenzeka kwindlela yokuphila (kufaka phakathi ukuzuza kwesisindo nokudla).
• Abantu abadala abanomlando we-cholesterol ephakeme, isifo sikashukela, izinkinga zezinso, isifo senhliziyo, nezinye izimo zidinga ukuhlolwa kaningi.

Kubalulekile ukusebenza nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukusetha izinhloso zakho ze-cholesterol. Imihlahlandlela emisha yehlisa odokotela ekuqondiseni amazinga athile we-cholesterol. Esikhundleni salokho, bancoma imithi ehlukene nemithamo kuye ngomlando womuntu nephrofayili yengozi. Le mihlahlandlela iyashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile njengoba imininingwane eminingi evela ezifundweni zocwaningo itholakala.

Izinhloso ezijwayelekile yilezi:

• I-LDL: 70 kuya ku-130 mg / dL (izinombolo eziphansi zingcono)
• I-HDL: Ngaphezu kuka-50 mg / dL (izinombolo eziphakeme zingcono)
• Ingqikithi ye-cholesterol: Ngaphansi kuka-200 mg / dL (izinombolo eziphansi zingcono)
• Ama-Triglycerides: 10 kuya ku-150 mg / dL (izinombolo eziphansi zingcono)

Uma imiphumela yakho ye-cholesterol ingavamile, ungahle ube nokuhlolwa okunye okufana nalokhu:

• Ukuhlolwa kukashukela egazini (glucose) ukubheka isifo sikashukela
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso
• Umsebenzi we-thyroid uhlola ukubheka indlala yegilo engasebenzi

Izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuthuthukisa amazinga akho e-cholesterol nokusiza ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kufaka phakathi:

• Yeka ukubhema. Lolu ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu ongalwenza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.
• Yidla ukudla okunamafutha amancane ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kubandakanya okusanhlamvu okuphelele, izithelo nemifino.
• Sebenzisa okokufaka okunamafutha amancane, amasoso, nokugqokiswa.
• Gwema ukudla okunamafutha amaningi.
• Vocavoca umzimba njalo.
• Yehlisa isisindo uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile.

Umhlinzeki wakho angafuna ukuthi uthathe umuthi we-cholesterol yakho uma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zingasebenzi. Lokhu kuzoncika ku:

• Iminyaka yakho
• Noma ngabe unesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, noma ezinye izinkinga zokuhamba kwegazi
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyabhema noma ukhuluphele ngokweqile
• Noma ngabe unengcindezi ephezulu yegazi noma isifo sikashukela

Kungenzeka ukuthi udinga umuthi ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yakho:

• Uma unesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sikashukela
• Uma usengozini yesifo senhliziyo (noma ngabe awunazo izinkinga zenhliziyo)
• Uma i-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL ingu-190 mg / dL noma ngaphezulu

Cishe wonke umuntu angathola izinzuzo zezempilo kwi-LDL cholesterol engaphansi kuka-160 kuya ku-190 mg / dL.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokusiza ukwehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol egazini. Izidakamizwa zisebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene. Izitatimende ziluhlobo olulodwa lomuthi olwehlisa i-cholesterol futhi kufakazelwe ukuthi linciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo. Eminye imishanguzo iyatholakala uma ubungozi bakho buphakeme futhi nezitatimende zehlisa amazinga akho e-cholesterol ngokwanele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-ezetimibe ne-PCSK9 inhibitors.

Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol angaholela ekuqineni kwemithambo, ebizwa nangokuthi i-atherosclerosis. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amafutha, i-cholesterol, nezinye izinto zakha ezindongeni zemithambo futhi zakha izakhiwo eziqinile ezibizwa ngokuthi izingcwecwe.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la macwecwe angavimba imithambo futhi abangele isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, nezinye izimpawu noma izinkinga kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ukuphazamiseka okudluliselwa emindenini kuvame ukuholela emazingeni aphezulu e-cholesterol okunzima ukuwalawula.

I-cholesterol - ephezulu; Izinkinga ze-lipid; Hyperlipoproteinemia; Hyperlipidemia; I-dyslipidemia; I-Hypercholesterolemia

• I-Angina - ukukhishwa
• Ukukhishwa kwe-angioplasty ne-stent - inhliziyo
• Izidakamizwa ze-antiplatelet - P2Y12 inhibitors
• I-Aspirin nesifo senhliziyo
• Ukusebenza ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo
• Ukusebenza lapho unesifo senhliziyo
• Ibhotela, imajarini namafutha okupheka
• I-catheterization yenhliziyo - ukukhishwa
• Cholesterol nendlela yokuphila
• I-cholesterol - ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa
• Cholesterol - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho
• Ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Isifo sikashukela - ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi
• Kuchazwe amafutha ezokudla
• Amathiphu okudla okusheshayo
• Isifo senhliziyo - ukukhipha
• Ukuhlinzwa kokudlula kwenhliziyo - ukukhipha
• Ukuhlinzwa kokudlula kwenhliziyo - ukukhipha okungatheni okweqile
• Isifo senhliziyo - izici eziyingozi
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo - uketshezi kanye nezidakamizwa
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo - ukuqapha ekhaya
• Inhliziyo pacemaker - ukukhipha
• Uwafunda kanjani amalebula okudla
• Ukudla okunosawoti omningi
• Ukudla kwaseMedithera
• Ukushaywa unhlangothi - ukukhishwa
• Thayipha i-2 yesifo sikashukela - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho

• Abakhiqizi be-cholesterol
• Isifo semithambo yegazi
• Cholesterol
• Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis

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I-Grundy SM, i-Stone NJ, i-Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA / ACC / AACVPR / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / ADA / AGS / APhA / ASPC / NLA / PCNA umhlahlandlela wokuphathwa kwe-cholesterol yegazi: umbiko we-American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Guidelines Practice Guidelines . UJ Am Coll Cardiol. 2019; 73 (24); e285-e350. I-PMID: 30423393 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30423393/.

URobinson JG. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-lipid metabolism. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 195.

Isitatimende sokugcina sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Statin ekuvimbeleni okuyinhloko kwesifo senhliziyo kubantu abadala: imithi yokuvikela. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/statin-use-in-adult-preventive-medication. Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 13, 2016. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 24, 2020.

Umsebenzi Wokuvikela Wezinsizakalo Zase-US; IBibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Ukuhlolwa kwezinkinga ze-lipid ezinganeni nasebusheni: Isitatimende sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2016; 316 (6): 625-633. I-PMID: 27532917 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27532917/.