Imvume enolwazi - abantu abadala

Unelungelo lokusiza ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi usizo lwezokwelapha ofuna ukuluthola. Ngokomthetho, abahlinzeki bakho bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kumele bakuchazele ngesimo sakho sempilo kanye nezindlela ozikhetha ngokwelashwa.

Imvume enolwazi isho:

• Uyaziswa. Uthole imininingwane ngesimo sakho sempilo nezinketho zokwelashwa.
• Uyasiqonda isimo sakho sempilo nezinketho zokwelashwa.
• Uyakwazi ukunquma ukuthi ikuphi ukwelashwa ofuna ukukuthola bese unikeza imvume yakho ukukuthola.

Ukuthola imvume yakho unolwazi, umhlinzeki wakho angakhuluma nawe mayelana nalokhu kwelashwa. Ngemuva kwalokho uzofunda incazelo yayo bese usayina ifomu. Lokhu kubhalwe ngemvume enolwazi.

Noma, umhlinzeki wakho angakuchazela ngemithi bese akubuze ukuthi uyavuma yini ukwelashwa. Akuzona zonke izindlela zokwelashwa ezidinga imvume ebhaliwe ebhaliwe.

Izinqubo zokwelashwa ezingadinga ukuthi unikeze imvume ebhaliwe unolwazi zifaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa okuningi, noma kungenziwa esibhedlela.
• Olunye uvivinyo nezinqubo zokwelashwa esezithuthukile noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-endoscopy (ukubeka ithubhu emphinjeni wakho ukubheka ingaphakathi lesisu sakho) noma inaliti yokuhlolwa kwesibindi.
• Imisebe noma i-chemotherapy yokwelapha umdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa okuyingozi kakhulu, njengokwelashwa kwe-opioid.
• Imigomo eminingi.
• Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi, njengokuhlolelwa i-HIV. Iningi lamazwe lisusile le mfuneko ukuze kuthuthukiswe amazinga okuhlolelwa i-HIV.

Lapho ucela imvume yakho unolwazi, udokotela wakho noma omunye umhlinzeki kufanele achaze:

• Inkinga yakho yezempilo nesizathu sokwelashwa
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa
• Izingozi zokwelashwa nokuthi kungenzeka zenzeke kanjani
• Kungakanani ukwelashwa okufanele kusebenze
• Uma ukwelashwa kuyadingeka manje noma uma kungalinda
• Ezinye izinketho zokwelapha inkinga yakho yezempilo
• Izingozi noma imiphumela emibi engase yenzeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Kufanele ube nolwazi olwanele ukwenza isinqumo mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho. Umhlinzeki wakho kufanele futhi aqinisekise ukuthi uyaluqonda ulwazi. Enye indlela umhlinzeki angenza ngayo lokhu ukukucela ukuthi uphinde imininingwane oyibuyisele ngamazwi akho.

Uma ungathanda imininingwane ethe xaxa mayelana nezinketho zakho zokwelashwa, cela umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi abheke kuphi. Kunamawebhusayithi amaningi athembekile nezinye izinsiza umhlinzeki wakho angakunika zona, kufaka phakathi izinsiza zezinqumo eziqinisekisiwe.

Uyilungu elibalulekile lethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kufanele ubuze imibuzo nganoma yini ongayiqondi. Uma udinga umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi achaze okuthile ngendlela ehlukile, bacele ukuthi benze kanjalo. Ukusebenzisa usizo lwesinqumo oluqinisekisiwe kungasiza.

Unelungelo lokwenqaba ukwelashwa uma ukwazi ukuqonda isimo sempilo yakho, izinketho zokwelashwa kwakho, kanye nobungozi nezinzuzo zendlela ngayinye. Udokotela wakho noma omunye umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakutshela ukuthi abacabangi ukuthi lokhu kuyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu kuwe. Kepha, abahlinzeki bakho akufanele bazame ukukuphoqa ukuthi uthole ukwelashwa ongafuni ukuba nakho.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ubambe iqhaza kunqubo yemvume unolwazi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, nguwe ozothola ukwelashwa uma unikeza imvume yakho.

Imvume enolwazi ayidingeki esimweni esiphuthumayo lapho ukwelashwa okubambezelekile kungaba yingozi.

Abanye abantu abasakwazi ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi, njengomuntu onesifo se-Alzheimer esithuthukile noma umuntu okwi-coma. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zimo, umuntu ngeke akwazi ukuqonda imininingwane ukunquma ukuthi ufuna luphi usizo lwezempilo. Kulezi zinhlobo zezimo, umhlinzeki uzozama ukuthola imvume enolwazi yokwelashwa kumuntu omele omunye umuntu, noma obambele othatha izinqumo.

Noma umhlinzeki wakho engaceli imvume yakho ebhaliwe, kusamele utshelwe ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa noma ukwelashwa okwenziwayo nokuthi kungani. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, abesilisa kufanele bazi izinzuzo, ububi, nezizathu zokuhlolwa kwegazi le-prostate ethize elihlola umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa.
• Abesifazane kufanele bazi ubuhle, ububi, nezizathu zokuhlolwa kwePap (ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho) noma i-mammogram (ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele).
• Noma ngubani ohlolelwa ukutheleleka okwenzeka ngemuva kokuxhumana ngocansi kufanele atshelwe ngokuhlolwa nokuthi kungani ahlolwa.

U-Emanuel EJ. I-Bioethics ekwenzeni umuthi. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 2.

Iwebhusayithi yoMnyango Wezempilo Nemisebenzi Yabantu e-United States. Imvume enolwazi. www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/guidance/informed-consent/index.html. Kufinyelelwe ngoDisemba 5, 2019.

• Amalungelo Eziguli