Amagciwane afakwa egazini

I-pathogen yinto ebanga izifo. Amagciwane angaba khona okuhlala isikhathi eside egazini lomuntu nasezifweni kubantu abizwa ngamagciwane atholakala egazini.

Amagciwane ajwayelekile futhi ayingozi asatshalaliswa ngegazi esibhedlela yilawa:

• Igciwane le-Hepatitis B (HBV) ne-hepatitis C virus (HCV). Lawa magciwane abangela ukutheleleka nokulimala kwesibindi.
• I-HIV (igciwane lesandulela ngculaza). Leli gciwane lidala i-HIV / AIDS.

Ungatheleleka nge-HBV, HCV, noma i-HIV uma unamathele ngenaliti noma enye into ebukhali ethinte igazi noma uketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onalezi zifo.

Lezi zifo zingasabalala futhi uma igazi elinegciwane noma uketshezi olunegazi luthinta ulwelwesi lwamafinyila noma isilonda esivulekile noma ukusika. Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila yizitho ezinomswakama zomzimba wakho, njengamehlo akho, impumulo nomlomo.

I-HIV nayo ingasakazeka isuke komunye umuntu iye komunye ngokusebenzisa uketshezi emajoyintini akho noma uketshezi lomgogodla. Futhi ingasakazeka ngesidoda, uketshezi esithweni sangasese, ubisi lwebele, kanye ne-amniotic fluid (uketshezi oluzungeze umntwana esibelethweni).

I-HEPATITIS

• Izimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kanye nesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C kungenzeka zibe mncane, futhi zingaqali kuze kube amasonto amabili kuye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha emva kokuthintana naleli gciwane. Kwesinye isikhathi, azikho izimpawu.
• I-Hepatitis B ivame ukuba ngcono yodwa futhi kwesinye isikhathi ayidingi ukwelashwa. Abanye abantu bahlakulela ukutheleleka kwesikhathi eside okuholela ekulimaleni kwesibindi.
• Iningi labantu abangenwa yi-hepatitis C bahlakulela ukutheleleka kwesikhathi eside. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi, bavame ukulimala kwesibindi.

I-HIV

Ngemuva kokuthi umuntu etheleleke nge-HIV, igciwane lihlala emzimbeni. Ilimaza kancane kancane noma icekele phansi amasosha omzimba. Amasosha omzimba wakho alwa nezifo futhi akusize welapheke. Uma ibuthakathaka ngenxa ye-HIV, maningi amathuba okuthi ugule kusuka kwezinye izifo, kufaka phakathi lezo ezingeke zikugulise.

Ukwelashwa kungasiza abantu ngazo zonke lezi zifo.

I-Hepatitis B ingavinjelwa ngomuthi wokugoma. Awukho umuthi wokugoma wokuvikela i-hepatitis C noma i-HIV.

Uma unamathele ngenaliti, faka igazi esweni lakho, noma uvezwe kunoma yiliphi i-pathogen yegazi:

• Geza indawo. Sebenzisa insipho namanzi esikhunjeni sakho. Uma iso lakho livuliwe, nisela ngamanzi ahlanzekile, usawoti, noma isiniseli oyinyumba.
• Tshela umphathi wakho zisuka nje ukuthi udaluliwe.
• Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ungadinga noma ungadingi izivivinyo zelebhu, umuthi wokugoma, noma imithi.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokuzihlukanisa zakha izithiyo phakathi kwabantu namagciwane. Zisiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane esibhedlela.

Landela izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokuzivikela nabo bonke abantu.

Uma useduze noma uphethe igazi, uketshezi lomzimba, izicubu zomzimba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, noma izindawo zesikhumba esivulekile, kufanele usebenzise okokuvikela (PPE). Ngokuya ngokuvezwa, ungadinga:

• Amagilavu
• Imaski nezibuko
• Iphinifa, ingubo, nezembozo zezicathulo

Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlanza kahle ngemuva kwalokho.

Ukutheleleka okubangelwa igazi

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangwa yigazi: i-HIV / AIDS, i-hepatitis B, i-hepatitis C. www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/bbp. Kubuyekezwe uSepthemba 6, 2016. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 22, 2019.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Ukubulala amagciwane nokubulala inzalo. www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/index.html. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 24, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 22, 2019.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokuzihlukanisa. www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/isolation/index.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoJulayi 22, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 22, 2019.

I-Weld ED, iShoham S. Epidemiology, ukuvimbela, kanye nokuphathwa kokuchayeka emsebenzini ezifweni ezibangelwa yigazi. Ku: UCameron AM, uCameron JL, ama-eds. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 1347-1352.

• I-HIV / AIDS
• Isibindi
• Ukulawulwa Kokutheleleka