Ukuhlola Umbono

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuhlolwa kombono?
• Kusetshenziselwa ini?
• Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa kombono?
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kombono?
• Ngabe kukhona engizodinga ukukwenza ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kombono?
• Ingabe zikhona izingozi ekuhlolweni?
• Isho ukuthini imiphumela?
• Ngabe kukhona okunye engidinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kombono?
• Izinkomba

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kombono?

Ukuhlolwa kombono, okubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwamehlo, ukuhlolwa okufushane okubheka izinkinga ezingaba khona zokubona kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamehlo. Ukuhlolwa kombono kuvame ukwenziwa abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okuvamile kwengane. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlolwa kunikezwa izingane ngabahlengikazi besikole.

Ukuhlola umbono akusetshenziswanga hlonza izinkinga zokubona. Uma kutholakala inkinga ekuhlolweni kombono, umhlinzeki wakho noma wengane yakho uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe wokunakekelwa kweso ukuze axilongwe futhi alashwe. Lo chwepheshe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ngokuphelele. Izinkinga eziningi zokubona kanye nokuphazamiseka kungaphathwa ngempumelelo ngamalensi okulungisa, ukuhlinzwa okuncane, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Amanye amagama: ukuhlolwa kwamehlo, ukuhlolwa kombono

Kusetshenziselwa ini?

Ukuhlolwa kombono kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubheka izinkinga ezingaba khona ezinganeni. Izinkinga zamehlo ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni zifaka:

• I-Amblyopia, owaziwa nangokuthi iso elvilaphayo. Izingane ezine-amblyopia zinokufiphala noma ukunciphisa umbono esweni elilodwa.
• I-Strabismus, eyaziwa nangokuthi amehlo awele. Kulesi sifo, amehlo awahambi kahle futhi akhomba ezindaweni ezihlukile.

Zombili lezi zifo zingelashwa kalula lapho zitholakala kusenesikhathi.

Ukuhlola umbono kuyasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuthola izinkinga zombono ezilandelayo, ezithinta izingane nabantu abadala:

• Ukubona eduze (myopia), isimo esenza izinto ezikude zibukeke zifiphele
• Ukubona kude (hyperopia), isimo esenza izinto ezisondelene zibukeke zifiphele
• I-Astigmatism, isimo esenza ukuthi izinto eziseduze nezikude zibonakale zifiphele

Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa kombono?

Umbono ojwayelekile ukuhlolwa akunconyelwe abantu abadala abaningi abaphilile. Kepha iningi labantu abadala liyakhuthazwa ukuthi libone izivivinyo kusuka kuchwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwamehlo njalo. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi uhlolwa nini iso, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko.

Izingane kufanele zihlolwe njalo. I-American Academy of Ophthalmology kanye neAmerican Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) bancoma uhlelo olulandelayo lokuhlola umbono:

• Izinsana. Zonke izingane ezintsha kufanele zihlolwe ukutheleleka kwamehlo noma ezinye izifo.
• Izinyanga eziyi-6. Amehlo nokubona kufanele kuhlolwe ngesikhathi sokuvakasha okuhle kwezingane.
• Iminyaka engu-1-4. Amehlo nokubuka kufanele kuhlolwe ngesikhathi sokuvakashelwa okujwayelekile.
• Iminyaka emi-5 nangaphezulu. Amehlo nokubona kufanele kuhlolwe minyaka yonke.

Ungadinga ukuthi ihlolwe ingane yakho uma inezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwamehlo. Ezinsaneni izinyanga ezintathu noma ngaphezulu, izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukungakwazi ukuxhumana oqondile
• Amehlo angabukeki aqondaniswe kahle

Ezinganeni ezindala, izimpawu zifaka:

• Amehlo angabukeki kahle emgqeni
• Ukuqothula amehlo
• Ukuvala noma ukumboza iso elilodwa
• Unenkinga yokufunda kanye / noma ukwenza umsebenzi osondelene
• Izikhalazo zokuthi izinto zifiphele
• Ukucwayiza ngaphezu kokujwayelekile
• Amehlo amanzi
• Izinkophe zedroopy
• Ububomvu kwelinye noma womabili amehlo
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni

Uma ungumuntu omdala onezinkinga zokubona noma ezinye izimpawu zamehlo, cishe uzothunyelwa kuchwepheshe wokunakekelwa kweso ukuze ahlolwe ngokuphelele.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kombono?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa kokuhlola okubukwayo. Kubandakanya:

• Ukuhlolwa kombono webanga. Izingane ezineminyaka yobudala esikoleni kanye nabantu abadala zivame ukuhlolwa ngeshadi lodonga. Ishadi linemigqa eminingana yezinhlamvu. Izinhlamvu ezisemgqeni ophezulu yizona ezinkulu kakhulu. Izinhlamvu ezisezansi zincane kakhulu. Wena noma ingane yakho nizoma noma nihlale izinyawo ezingama-20 ukusuka eshadini. Uzocelwa ukuthi amboze iso elilodwa afunde izinhlamvu, umugqa ngamunye ngesikhathi. Iso ngalinye lihlolwe ngokwehlukana.
• Ukuhlolwa kombono webanga labasenkulisa. Ezinganeni ezisencane kakhulu ukuthi zingafunda, lolu vivinyo lusebenzisa ishadi lodonga elifana nalelo lezingane ezindala kanye nabantu abadala. Kepha esikhundleni semigqa yezinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene, inonhlamvu u-E kuphela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ingane yakho izocelwa ukuthi ikhombe ngaku-E. Amanye ala mashadi asebenzisa uhlamvu C, noma asebenzise izithombe, esikhundleni salokho.
• Ukuhlolwa kombono okusondela. Kulesi sivivinyo, wena noma ingane yakho niyonikezwa ikhadi elincane elinombhalo obhaliwe. Imigqa yombhalo iba mincane njengoba uya kude nekhadi. Wena noma ingane yakho nizocelwa ukuthi nibambe ikhadi eliqhele cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-14 ebusweni, bese nifunda ngokuzwakalayo. Womabili amehlo ahlolwa ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukunikezwa abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, njengoba umbono osondelene uvame ukuba mubi njengoba ukhula.
• Umbala wobumpumputhe ukuhlolwa. Izingane zinikezwa ikhadi elinezinombolo ezinemibala noma izimpawu ezifihlwe ngemuva kwamachashazi anemibala ehlukahlukene. Uma bekwazi ukufunda izinombolo noma izimpawu, kusho ukuthi mhlawumbe abazona izimpumputhe zombala.

Uma usana lwakho luthola ukuhlolwa kombono, umhlinzeki wakho uzohlola:

• Amandla engane yakho yokulandela into, efana nethoyizi, ngamehlo ayo
• Abafundi bakhe (ingxenye emnyama yeso) baphendula kanjani ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo
• Ukubona ukuthi ingane yakho iyacwayiza yini lapho ukukhanya kukhanya esweni

Ngabe kukhona engizodinga ukukwenza ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kombono?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nigqoka izibuko noma ama-lens oxhumana nawo, yiphatheni niyohlolwa. Umhlinzeki wakho angafuna ukubheka umuthi.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ekuhlolweni?

Akunabungozi ekuhlolweni kombono.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela?

Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kombono kukhombisa inkinga engaba khona yombono noma ukuphazamiseka kwamehlo, uzothunyelwa kuchwepheshe wokunakekelwa kweso ukuze ahlolwe ngokuphelele nokwelashwa kweso. Izinkinga eziningi zokubona nokuphazamiseka kwamehlo kuyelapheka kalula, ikakhulukazi uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi.

Ngabe kukhona okunye engidinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kombono?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zongoti bokunakekelwa kwamehlo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• Udokotela Wamehlo: Udokotela onguchwepheshe wezempilo yamehlo kanye nokwelapha nokuvikela izifo zamehlo. Ophthalmologists banikeza izivivinyo zamehlo eziphelele, babeke amalensi okulungisa, baxilonge futhi belaphe izifo zamehlo, futhi benze nokuhlinzwa kwamehlo.
• Udokotela wamehlo: Uchwepheshe wezempilo oqeqeshiwe ogxile ezinkingeni zombono nokuphazamiseka kweso. Odokotela bamehlo bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziningi ezifana nodokotela bamehlo, kufaka phakathi ukwenza izivivinyo zamehlo, ukunquma amalensi okulungisa, nokwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwamehlo okuthile. Ngokuphazamiseka kwamehlo noma ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, uzodinga ukubona udokotela wamehlo.
• Udokotela wamehlo: Uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe ogcwalisa imiyalo yamalensi okulungisa. Odokotela bamehlo balungisa, bahlanganise futhi balingane izibuko zamehlo. Odokotela abaningi bamehlo babuye banikeze amalensi okuxhumana.

Izinkomba

1. I-American Academy of Ophthalmology [i-Intanethi]. ISan Francisco: I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology; c2018. Ukuhlola Umbono: Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo; I-2015 Nov 10 [icashunwe ngo-2018 Oct 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.aao.org/disease-review/vision-screening-program-models
2. I-American Academy of Ophthalmology [i-Intanethi]. ISan Francisco: I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology; c2018. Yini i-Ophthalmologist ?; 2013 Nov 3 [icashunwe ngo-2018 Oct 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-is-ophthalmologist
3. I-American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology neStrabismus [i-Intanethi]. ISan Francisco: AAPOS; c2018. I-Amblyopia [ibuyekezwe ngo-2017 Mar; kukhonjiwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-5]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.aapos.org/terms/conditions/21
4. I-American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology neStrabismus [i-Intanethi]. ISan Francisco: AAPOS; c2018. I-Strabismus [ibuyekezwe ngo-2018 Feb 12; kukhonjiwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-5]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.aapos.org/terms/conditions/100
5. I-American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology neStrabismus [i-Intanethi]. ISan Francisco: AAPOS; c2018. Ukuhlola Umbono [kubuyekezwe ngo-2016 Aug; kukhonjiwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-5]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.aapos.org/terms/conditions/107
6. Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo [i-Intanethi]. I-Atlanta: UMnyango Wezempilo Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S. Ishidi Leqiniso le-CDC: Amaqiniso Ngokulahlekelwa Kombono [okushiwo ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/pdf/parents_pdfs/VisionLossFactSheet.pdf
7. Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo [i-Intanethi]. I-Atlanta: UMnyango Wezempilo Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S. Bhekisisa Impilo Yakho Yombono [ubuyekezwe 2018 Jul 26; kukhonjiwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.cdc.gov/feature/healthyvision
8. Amandla Okuphila.gov. [Inthanethi]. IWashington D.C .: UMnyango Wezempilo wase-U.S. Thola Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo Akho [kubuyekezwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5; kukhonjiwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/Category/doctor-visits/screening-tests/get-your-eyes-tested#the-basics_5
9. HealthyChildren.org [Inthanethi]. I-Itaska (IL): I-American Academy Yezingane; c2018. I-Vision Screenings [ibuyekezwe ngo-2016 Julayi 19; kukhonjiwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/eyes/Pages/Vision-Screenings.aspx
10. HealthyChildren.org [Inthanethi]. I-Itaska (IL): I-American Academy Yezingane; c2018. Izimpawu Ezixwayisayo Zenkinga Yombono Ezinsaneni Nezingane [zibuyekezwe ngo-2016 Julayi 19; kukhonjiwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/eyes/Pages/Warning-Signs-of-Vison-Problems-in-Children.aspx
11. Inethiwekhi yeJAMA [Inthanethi]. Inhlangano Yezokwelapha yaseMelika; c2018. Ukuhlolisiswa Kwe-Visual Acuity Ekhubazekile Kubantu Abadala Abadala: Isitatimende Sezincomo Zemisebenzi Yezokuvikela yase-US; I-2016 Mar 1 [icashunwe ngo-2018 Oct 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2497913
12. UJohn Hopkins Medicine [Inthanethi]. UJohn Hopkins Medicine; Umtapo Wezincwadi Wezempilo: Umbono, Ukuzwa Nokubukezwa Kwenkulumo [kucashunwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/pediatrics/vision_hearing_and_speech_overview_85,p09510
13. I-University of Rochester Medical Center [i-Inthanethi]. URochester (NY): Isikhungo Sezokwelapha sase-University of Rochester; c2018. I-Health Encyclopedia: Izinhlobo Zokuhlolwa Kokubonwa Kwezinsana Nezingane [kucashunwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=90&contentid=P02107
14. I-University of Rochester Medical Center [i-Inthanethi]. URochester (NY): Isikhungo Sezokwelapha sase-University of Rochester; c2018. I-Health Encyclopedia: Izinkinga Zokubuka [icashunwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=90&contentid=P02308
15. I-UW Health [Inthanethi]. UMadison (WI): Izibhedlela zase-University of Wisconsin kanye neGunya Lemitholampilo; c2018. Imininingwane Yezempilo: Ukuhlolwa Kombono: Kwenziwa Kanjani [kuvuselelwe ngo-2017 Dec 3; kukhonjiwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-5]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/vision-tests/hw235693.html#aa24248
16. I-UW Health [Inthanethi]. UMadison (WI): Izibhedlela zase-University of Wisconsin kanye neGunya Lemitholampilo; c2018. Imininingwane Yezempilo: Ukuhlolwa Kombono: Ungazilungiselela Kanjani [kubuyekezwe ngo-2017 Dec 3; kukhonjiwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/vision-tests/hw235693.html#aa24246
17. I-UW Health [Inthanethi]. UMadison (WI): Izibhedlela zase-University of Wisconsin kanye neGunya Lemitholampilo; c2018. Imininingwane Yezempilo: Ukuhlolwa Kwemibono: Imiphumela [ibuyekezwe ngo-2017 Dec 3; kukhonjiwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini eziyi-8]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/vision-tests/hw235693.html#aa24286
18. I-UW Health [Inthanethi]. UMadison (WI): Izibhedlela zase-University of Wisconsin kanye neGunya Lemitholampilo; c2018. Imininingwane Yezempilo: Ukuhlolwa Kwemibono: Ukubuka konke kokuhlolwa [kubuyekezwe ngo-2017 Dec 3; kukhonjiwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/vision-tests/hw235693.html#hw235696
19. I-UW Health [Inthanethi]. UMadison (WI): Izibhedlela zase-University of Wisconsin kanye neGunya Lemitholampilo; c2018. Imininingwane Yezempilo: Ukuhlolwa Kombono: Kungani Kwenziwa [kubuyekezwe ngo-2017 Dec 3; kukhonjiwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/vision-tests/hw235693.html#hw235712
20. I-Vision Aware [i-Intanethi]. Indlu Yokuphrinta YaseMelika Yezimpumputhe; c2018. Umehluko Phakathi Kokuhlolwa Kombono kanye Nokuhlolwa Kwamehlo Okuphelele [kucashunwe ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: http://www.visionaware.org/info/your-eye-condition/eye-health/eye-examination/125
21. I-Vision Aware [i-Intanethi]. Indlu Yokuphrinta YaseMelika Yezimpumputhe; c2018. Izinhlobo Ezihlukile Zochwepheshe Bokunakekelwa Kwamehlo [okushiwo ngo-2018 Okthoba 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: http://www.visionaware.org/info/your-eye-condition/eye-health/types-of-eye-care-professionals-5981/125#Ophthalmology_Ophthalmologists

Imininingwane ekulesi siza akufanele isetshenziswe esikhundleni sezokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha noma iseluleko. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wezempilo uma unemibuzo ngempilo yakho.