Umfutho wegazi ophezulu - abantu abadala

Umfutho wegazi uyisilinganiso samandla asetshenziswayo ezindongeni zemithambo yakho njengoba inhliziyo yakho iphampa igazi emzimbeni wakho. Umfutho wegazi ophezulu yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalashwa ungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zezokwelapha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, ukwehluleka kwezinso, izinkinga zamehlo, nezinye izindaba zezempilo.

Ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi kunikezwa njengezinombolo ezimbili. Inombolo ephezulu ibizwa nge-systolic blood pressure. Inombolo engezansi ibizwa nge-diastolic blood pressure. Isibonelo, i-120 ngaphezulu kwe-80 (ebhalwe njengo-120/80 mm Hg).

Enye noma zombili lezi zinombolo zingaba phezulu kakhulu. (Qaphela: Lezi zinombolo zisebenza kubantu abangayiphuzi imishanguzo yegazi futhi abangaguli.)

• Umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile kulapho umfutho wegazi lakho ungaphansi kuka-120/80 mm Hg isikhathi esiningi.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) kulapho eyodwa noma womabili wegazi lakho efundwa engaphezulu kuka-130/80 mm Hg isikhathi esiningi.
• Uma inombolo ephezulu yengcindezi yegazi iphakathi kuka-120 no-130 mm Hg, nenombolo yomfutho wegazi engezansi ingaphansi kuka-80 mm Hg, ibizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo noma zezinso, noma ushaywe unhlangothi, udokotela wakho angafuna ukuthi umfutho wegazi lakho ube ngaphansi ngisho kunabantu abangenayo le mibandela.

Izici eziningi zingathinta ukucindezelwa kwegazi, kufaka phakathi:

• Inani lamanzi nosawoti onawo emzimbeni wakho
• Isimo sezinso zakho, uhlelo lwemizwa, noma imithambo yegazi
• Amazinga akho ama-hormone

Kungenzeka ukuthi utshelwe ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme uphakeme kakhulu njengoba ukhula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imithambo yegazi yakho iyaqina njengoba ukhula. Uma lokho kwenzeka, umfutho wegazi lakho uyakhuphuka. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ukhuphula amathuba okuba nesifo sohlangothi, isifo senhliziyo, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo sezinso, noma ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Unobungozi obuphakeme be-high blood pressure uma:

• Ingabe ama-African American
• Bakhuluphele
• Kuvame ukucindezelwa noma ukukhathazeka
• Phuza kakhulu utshwala (isiphuzo esingaphezu kwesisodwa ngosuku kwabesifazane neziphuzo ezingaphezu kwezingu-2 ngosuku kwabesilisa)
• Yidla usawoti omningi
• Yiba nomlando womndeni we-high blood pressure
• Unesifo sikashukela
• Intuthu

Isikhathi esiningi, asikho isizathu somfutho wegazi ophakeme otholakalayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-hypertension ebalulekile.

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme odalwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha noma umuthi owuthathayo ubizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophezulu wesibili. Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wesibili ungabangelwa:

• Isifo sezinso esingalapheki
• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-adrenal gland (njenge-pheochromocytoma noma i-Cushing syndrome)
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Ukukhulelwa noma i-preeclampsia
• Imithi efana namaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha, amaphilisi okudla, eminye imithi ebandayo, imithi ye-migraine, i-corticosteroids, amanye ama-antipsychotic, nemithi ethile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza
• Umthambo oncishisiwe ohambisa igazi ezinso (i-renal artery stenosis)
• Ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kokulala (OSA)

Isikhathi esiningi, azikho izimpawu. Kubantu abaningi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme utholakala lapho bevakashela abahlinzeki babo bezempilo noma beyohlolwa kwenye indawo.

Ngoba azikho izimpawu, abantu bangaba nezinkinga zenhliziyo nezinso bengazi ukuthi banomfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu obulalayo uyindlela eyingozi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme kakhulu. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukudideka
• Umbono uyashintsha
• Ukopha ngamakhala

Ukuxilonga umfutho wegazi ophakeme kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvikeleni isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, izinkinga zamehlo, nesifo esingapheliyo sezinso.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzolinganisa umfutho wegazi lakho izikhathi eziningi ngaphambi kokukuxilonga ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Kujwayelekile ukuthi umfutho wegazi lakho wehluke ngokuya ngesikhathi sosuku.

Bonke abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 kufanele bahlolwe umfutho wegazi njalo ngonyaka. Ukulinganisa okuvame kakhulu kungadingeka kulabo abanomlando wokufundwa komfutho wegazi ophakeme noma labo abanezici eziyingozi zokucindezela kwegazi.

Ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi okwenziwe ekhaya kungaba yisilinganiso esingcono somfutho wegazi wakho wamanje kunalowo othathwe ehhovisi lomhlinzeki wakho.

• Qiniseka ukuthi uthola isilawuli somfutho wegazi wasekhaya esisezingeni elifanele. Kufanele ibe nekhafula elilinganiselwe kahle kanye nokufundwa kwedijithali.
• Zijwayeze nomhlinzeki wakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthatha umfutho wegazi ngendlela efanele.
• Kufanele ukhululeke futhi uhlale phansi imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokufunda.
• Letha umqaphi wakho wasekhaya lapho ubekwa khona ukuze umhlinzeki wakho aqiniseke ukuthi isebenza kahle.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba ukubheka izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo, ukulimala kwamehlo, nolunye ushintsho emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa futhi ukufuna:

• Izinga le-cholesterol ephezulu
• Isifo senhliziyo, usebenzisa izivivinyo ezifana ne-echocardiogram noma i-electrocardiogram
• Isifo sezinso, usebenzisa izivivinyo ezifana nephaneli eyisisekelo ye-metabolic kanye ne-urinalysis noma i-ultrasound yezinso

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi lakho ukuze ube nengozi ephansi yezinkinga zempilo ezibangelwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Wena nomhlinzeki wakho kufanele nizibekele umgomo wegazi.

Noma nini lapho ucabanga ngokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwengcindezi yegazi, wena nomhlinzeki wakho kufanele nicabangele ezinye izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Iminyaka yakho
• Imithi oyiphuzayo
• Ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi evela emithini engenzeka
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ongahle ube nazo, njengomlando wesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, izinkinga zezinso, noma isifo sikashukela

Uma umfutho wegazi lakho uphakathi kuka-120/80 no-130/80 mm Hg, unyuse umfutho wegazi.

• Umhlinzeki wakho uzoncoma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ukuletha umfutho wegazi lakho ebangeni elijwayelekile.
• Imithi ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa kulesi sigaba.

Uma umfutho wegazi lakho ungaphezulu kuka-130/80, kodwa ungaphansi kuka-140/90 mm Hg, uneSigaba 1 somfutho wegazi ophezulu. Lapho ucabanga ngokwelashwa okuhle kakhulu, wena nomhlinzeki wakho kufanele nicabange:

• Uma ungenazo ezinye izifo noma izinto ezinobungozi, umhlinzeki wakho angancoma ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila bese ephinda izilinganiso ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.
• Uma umfutho wegazi lakho uhlala ungaphezulu kuka-130/80, kodwa ungaphansi kuka-140/90 mm Hg, umhlinzeki wakho angancoma imithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Uma unezinye izifo noma izinto ezinobungozi, umhlinzeki wakho angaba sethubeni elikhulu lokuqala imishanguzo ngasikhathi sinye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila.

Uma umfutho wegazi lakho ungaphezulu kuka-140/90 mm Hg, uneSigaba 2 somfutho wegazi ophezulu. Umhlinzeki wakho kungenzeka akuqale emithini futhi ancome ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila.

Ngaphambi kokwenza ukuxilongwa kokugcina komfutho wegazi ophakeme noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, umhlinzeki wakho kufanele akucele ukuthi umfutho wegazi lakho ulinganiswe ekhaya, ekhemisi lakho, noma kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwehhovisi labo noma isibhedlela.

IZINGUQUKO ZOKUPHILA

Ungenza izinto eziningi ukusiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi, kufaka phakathi:

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi i-potassium ne-fiber.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi.
• Thola okungenani imizuzu engama-40 yokuvivinya umzimba ngokulingene nangamandla okungenani izinsuku ezi-3 kuye kwezine ngesonto.
• Uma ubhema, yeka.
• Nciphisa ukuthi uphuza utshwala obungakanani ekuphuzeni okungu-1 ngosuku kwabesifazane, no-2 ngosuku kwabesilisa noma ngaphansi.
• Nciphisa inani le-sodium (usawoti) oyidlayo. Hlela okungaphansi kuka-1,500 mg ngosuku.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka. Zama ukugwema izinto ezikubangela ingcindezi, bese uzama ukuzindla noma i-yoga ukucindezela.
• Hlala esisindweni somzimba esinempilo.

Umhlinzeki wakho angakusiza uthole izinhlelo zokwehlisa isisindo, ukuyeka ukubhema, nokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Ungathola futhi nokudluliselwa kuchwepheshe wezokudla, ongakusiza ukuhlelela ukudla okunempilo kuwe.

Ingcindezi yakho yegazi kufanele ibe phansi kangakanani nokuthi ukuliphi izinga odinga ukuqala ngalo ukwelashwa elenzelwe umuntu ngamunye, ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho kanye nezinkinga onazo zokwelashwa.

IMITHI YOKUSEBENZELA I-HYPERTENSION

Isikhathi esiningi, umhlinzeki wakho uzozama ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kuqala, bese ehlola umfutho wegazi lakho izikhathi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Imithi kungenzeka iqalwe uma ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi kuhlala noma ngaphezulu kwala mazinga:

• Inombolo ephezulu (ingcindezi ye-systolic) engu-130 noma ngaphezulu
• Inombolo engezansi (ukucindezelwa kwe-diastolic) ka-80 noma ngaphezulu

Uma unesifo sikashukela, izinkinga zenhliziyo, noma umlando wesifo sohlangothi, imithi ingaqalwa ekufundeni okuphansi kwengcindezi yegazi. Okuqondiwe kakhulu okujwayele ukucindezelwa kwegazi kubantu abanezinkinga zokwelashwa bangaphansi kuka-120 kuya ku-130/80 mm Hg.

Kunemithi eminingi eyahlukene yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

• Imvamisa, umuthi owodwa womfutho wegazi kungenzeka unganele ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho, futhi kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze izidakamizwa ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uphuze imithi oyinikezwe.
• Uma unemiphumela engemihle, udokotela wakho angafaka esikhundleni somuthi ohlukile.

Isikhathi esiningi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungalawulwa ngokushintshwa kwemithi nendlela yokuphila.

Uma umfutho wegazi ungalawulwa kahle, usengozini yokuthi:

• Ukopha okuvela ku-aorta, umthambo omkhulu wegazi onikeza igazi esiswini, okhalweni nasemilenzeni
• Isifo sezinso esingalapheki
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukunikezwa kwegazi okuncane emilenzeni
• Izinkinga ngombono wakho
• Unhlangothi

Uma une-high blood pressure, uzohlolwa njalo nomhlinzeki wakho.

Noma ungatholakalanga une-high blood pressure, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe umfutho wegazi wakho ngesikhathi uhlolwa njalo, ikakhulukazi uma othile emndenini wakho ene-high blood pressure.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho khona manjalo uma ukuqapha ekhaya kukhombisa ukuthi umfutho wegazi lakho usaphakeme.

Iningi labantu lingavimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme ukuthi ungenzeki ngokulandela izinguquko zokuphila ezenzelwe ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi.

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu; I-HBP

• Ama-ACE inhibitors
• Ukukhishwa kwe-angioplasty ne-stent - inhliziyo
• Izidakamizwa ze-antiplatelet - P2Y12 inhibitors
• I-Aspirin nesifo senhliziyo
• Ibhotela, imajarini namafutha okupheka
• Cholesterol nendlela yokuphila
• Ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Ukunakekelwa kwamehlo sikashukela
• Isifo sikashukela - ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi
• Isifo sikashukela - ukunakekela izinyawo zakho
• Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela nokuhlolwa
• Kuchazwe amafutha ezokudla
• Amathiphu okudla okusheshayo
• Isifo senhliziyo - ukukhipha
• Isifo senhliziyo - izici eziyingozi
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo - ukukhipha
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo - uketshezi kanye nezidakamizwa
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo - ukuqapha ekhaya
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Uwafunda kanjani amalebula okudla
• I-cardioverter defibrillator engafakelwa - ukukhishwa
• Ukususwa kwezinso - ukukhipha
• Ukudla okunosawoti omningi
• Ukudla kwaseMedithera
• Thayipha i-2 yesifo sikashukela - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho

• Ukuqapha ukucindezelwa kwegazi
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalashwa
• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
• DASH yokudla
• Ukuhlolwa komfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yegazi
• Ukushaya kwegazi

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