Ukukhuluma nengane yakho mayelana nokuphuza

Ukuphuza utshwala akuyona nje inkinga yabantu abadala. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu abadala esikoleni esiphakeme e-United States baphuze utshwala phakathi nenyanga edlule.

Isikhathi esihle sokuqala ukukhuluma nengane yakho ngezidakamizwa notshwala manje. Izingane ezineminyaka yobudala eyi-9 zingahle zifise ukwazi ukuphuza futhi zingazama notshwala.

Lapho ingane iqala ukuphuza ingakayihlanganisi iminyaka engu-15, inamathuba amaningi okuthi iphuze isikhathi eside, noma ibe inkinga yokuphuza. Inkinga yokuphuza kwentsha kusho ukuthi:

• Dakwa
• Yiba nezingozi ezihlobene nokuphuza
• Ngena enkingeni ngomthetho, imindeni yabo, abangane, izikole, noma abantu abathandana nabo ngenxa yokuphuza kwabo

Ukungasho lutho ezinganeni zakho ngokuphuza kungazinika umyalezo wokuthi ukuphuza kwentsha kulungile. Iningi lezingane likhetha ukungaphuzi ngoba abazali balo bakhuluma nalo ngakho.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthi izingane zakho zikhululeke ukukhuluma nawe ngokuphuza iwukuba uthembeke futhi uqonde. Ungahle uthande ukulungiselela futhi ucabange ngalokho ozokusho ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Tshela ingane yakho ukuthi uzizwa kanjani ngabo mhlawumbe usebenzisa utshwala. Lapho usuqale ukukhuluma nengane yakho eyeve eshumini nambili, qhubeka ukuyiveza ngezikhathi lapho ukhuluma ngezindaba ezihlobene.

Ukuthomba neminyaka yobusha kuyisikhathi soshintsho. Ingane yakho kungenzeka ukuthi isanda kuqala isikole esiphakeme noma kungenzeka ukuthi isanda kuthola ilayisense yokushayela. Izingane zakho zingaba nomuzwa wenkululeko ezazingakaze zibe nayo ngaphambili.

Intsha inelukuluku lokwazi. Bafuna ukuhlola nokwenza izinto ngendlela yabo. Kepha ingcindezi yokungena ngaphakathi ingenza kube nzima ukumelana notshwala uma kubonakala sengathi wonke umuntu uyabuzama.

Lapho ukhuluma nengane yakho:

• Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi ikhulume nawe ngokuphuza. Hlala uzolile lapho ulalele futhi ungazami ukwahlulela noma ukugxeka. Kwenze kube lula ukuthi ingane yakho ikhulume ngokwethembeka.
• Yazisa ingane yakho ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi ukuthatha amashansi kuyingxenye ejwayelekile yokukhula.
• Khumbuza ingane yakho ukuthi ukuphuza kuza nezingozi ezinkulu.
• Gcizelela ukuthi ingane yakho akufanele nanini iphuze futhi ishayele noma igibele nomshayeli ophuzile.

Ukuphuza noma ukusebenzisa utshwala okuyingozi ekhaya kungaholela emikhubeni efanayo ezinganeni. Zisencane, izingane ziyaqaphela izindlela zokuphuza zabazali bazo.

Izingane zinamathuba amaningi okuphuza uma:

• Ingxabano ikhona phakathi kwabazali noma abanakekeli
• Abazali banezinkinga zemali noma bacindezelekile emsebenzini
• Ukuhlukumezeka kwenzeka ekhaya noma ikhaya alizizwa liphephile ngezinye izindlela

Uma ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kugijima emndenini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nengane yakho. Ungagcini izimfihlo. Ingane yakho kufanele yazi ukuthi iziphi izingozi zokuphuza. Khuluma ngokwethembeka ngokuthi ukuphuza kuwathinte kanjani amalungu omndeni futhi ukhulume ngemiphumela yotshwala empilweni yakho.

Yiba yisibonelo esihle ngokuphuza ngokweqile. Uma unenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala, thola usizo lokuyeka.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho iyaphuza kodwa ngeke ikhulume nawe ngayo, thola usizo. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yengane yakho angaba yindawo enhle yokuqala. Ezinye izinsiza zifaka:

• Izibhedlela zendawo
• Izinhlangano zomphakathi noma ezizimele zezempilo yengqondo
• Abeluleki esikoleni sengane yakho
• Izikhungo zezempilo zabafundi
• Izinhlelo ezinjenge-Alateen, ingxenye yohlelo lwe-Al-Anon - al-anon.org/for-members/group-resource/alateen

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala - intsha; Ukuphuza ngokweqile - osemusha; Inkinga yokuphuza - intsha; Ukuphuza ngokweqile - osemusha; Ukuphuza okungaphansi kweminyaka - osemusha

I-American Psychiatric Association. Ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene nezidakamizwa nokulutha. Incwajana Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo. Umhlaka 5. I-Arlington, VA: Ukushicilelwa Kwe-Psychiatric yaseMelika; 2013: 481-590.

UBo A, Hai AH, uJaccard J. Ukungenelela okususelwa kubazali emiphumeleni yokusebenzisa utshwala kwentsha: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwemeta. Utshwala Bezidakamizwa Buyancika. 2018; 191: 98-109. I-PMID: 30096640 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30096440/.

UGilligan C, uWolfenden L, uFoxcroft DR, et al. Izinhlelo zokuvikela umndeni ezisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kubantu abasha. Isikhungo sedatha yeCochrane Rev. 2019; 3 (3): CD012287. I-PMID: 30888061 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30888061/.

I-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism iwebhusayithi. Ukuhlolwa kotshwala kanye nokungenelela okufushane kwentsha: umhlahlandlela wabasebenzi. pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Practitioner/YouthGuide/YouthGuide.pdf. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 9, 2020.

I-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism iwebhusayithi. Ukuphuza okungaphansi kweminyaka. www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/underage-dinking. Kubuyekezwe uJanuwari 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 8, 2020.

• Ukuba ngumzali
• Ukuphuza Ngaphansi Kweminyaka