I-Mononucleosis

I-Mononucleosis, noma i-mono, ukutheleleka ngegciwane okubangela umkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu nokuvuvukala kwezindlala, ikakhulukazi entanyeni.

I-Mono ivame ukusakazwa ngamathe nokuxhumana okuseduze. Kuyaziwa ngokuthi "isifo sokuqabula." I-Mono yenzeka kaningi kubantu abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-17, kepha ukutheleleka kungakhula nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

IMono idalwa yigciwane le-Epstein-Barr (EBV). Akuvamile ukuthi kubangelwe amanye amagciwane, njenge-cytomegalovirus (CMV).

IMono ingaqala kancane ngokukhathala, ukugula okujwayelekile, ikhanda elibuhlungu nomphimbo obuhlungu. Umphimbo obuhlungu uya ngokuya uba mubi. Amathani akho avuvukala futhi athuthukise isembozo esimhlophe ngokuphuzi. Imvamisa ama-lymph node entanyeni ayavuvukala futhi abuhlungu.

Ukuqhuma okubomvana, okufana nesimungumungwane kungenzeka, futhi kungenzeka kakhulu uma uthatha umuthi i-ampicillin noma i-amoxicillin yesifo somphimbo. (Ama-antibiotic ngokuvamile awanikezwa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okukhombisa ukuthi une-strep infection.)

Izimpawu ezivamile ze-mono zifaka:

• Ukozela
• Imfiva
• Ukungakhululeki okuvamile, ukungakhululeki, noma ukugula
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma ukuqina
• I-Rash
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• I-lymph node evuvukile, evame kakhulu entanyeni nasekhwapheni

Izimpawu ezingavamile kakhulu yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Khwehlela
• Ukukhathala
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Isifuba
• I-jaundice (umbala ophuzi esikhumbeni nabamhlophe bamehlo)
• Ukuqina kwentamo
• Wakhala igazi
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni
• Ukuphelelwa umoya

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokuhlola. Bangathola:

• I-lymph node evuvukile ngaphambili nangemuva kwentamo yakho
• Kuvuvukala amalaka ngesembozo esimhlophe mhlophe
• Kuvuvukale isibindi noma ubende
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzokwenziwa, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukubalwa kwamaseli amhlophe egazi (WBC): kuzoba ngaphezulu kunokujwayelekile uma une-mono
• Ukuhlolwa kweMonospot: kuzoba nethemba lokutheleleka nge-mononucleosis
• Isihloko se-Antibody: sitshela umehluko phakathi kokutheleleka kwamanje nokwedlule

Umgomo wokwelashwa ukukhulula izimpawu. Umuthi we-steroid (prednisone) unganikezwa uma izimpawu zakho zinzima.

Imithi elwa namagciwane, njenge-acyclovir, inenzuzo encane noma ayinayo nhlobo.

Ukudambisa izimpawu ezijwayelekile:

• Phuza uketshezi oluningi.
• Hlikihla ngamanzi anosawoti afudumele ukunciphisa umqala obuhlungu.
• Thola ukuphumula okuningi.
• Thatha i-acetaminophen noma ibuprofen yezinhlungu nomkhuhlane.

Futhi gwema ezemidlalo oxhumana naye uma ubende luvuvukile (ukukuvimbela ekuqhekekeni).

Umkhuhlane uvamise ukwehla ezinsukwini eziyi-10, bese kuvuvuka izindlala nezindlala kuphola emasontweni amane. Ukukhathala kuvame ukuphela emasontweni ambalwa, kodwa kungathatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezi-3. Cishe wonke umuntu ululama ngokuphelele.

Izinkinga ze-mononucleosis zingafaka:

• I-anemia, eyenzeka lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi efa ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile
• I-hepatitis ene-jaundice (evame kakhulu kubantu abadala kunama-35)
• Amasende avuvukile noma avuvukile
• Izinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa (ezingavamile), njenge-Guillain-Barré syndrome, i-meningitis, i-seizures, ukulimala kwe-nerve elawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha ebusweni (i-Bell palsy), nokunyakaza okungahambisani
• Ukuqhekeka kobende (okungajwayelekile, gwema ingcindezi kubende)
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba (akuvamile)

Ukufa kungenzeka kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-mono zizizwa zifana nanoma yisiphi esinye isifo esibangelwa igciwane. Awudingi ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki ngaphandle kokuthi izimpawu zakho zihlala isikhathi eside kunezinsuku eziyi-10 noma uthuthuka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Imfiva ephakeme eqhubekayo (ngaphezu kuka-101.5 ° F noma u-38.6 ° C)
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Umphimbo obuhlungu noma amalaka okuvuvukala
• Ubuthakathaka ezandleni noma emilenzeni yakho
• Umbala ophuzi emehlweni akho noma esikhumbeni

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yasendaweni noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo uma uqala:

• Ubuhlungu besisu obucijile, obungazelelwe, obukhulu
• Intamo eqinile noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu
• Inkinga yokugwinya noma yokuphefumula

Abantu abane-mono bangathathelana ngenkathi banezimpawu futhi kuze kube izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kwalokho. Kuyoze kube nini umuntu onalesi sifo esithelela kuyehluka. Leli gciwane lingaphila amahora amaningi ngaphandle komzimba. Gwema ukuqabula noma ukwaba izitsha uma wena noma umuntu osondelene naye ene-mono.

UMono; Isifo sokuqabula; Umkhuhlane wendlala

• I-Mononucleosis - isithombe se-photomicrograph yamaseli
• I-Mononucleosis - isithombe se-photomicrograph yamaseli
• I-mononucleosis ethathelwanayo # 3
• I-Acrodermatitis
• Splenomegaly
• I-mononucleosis ethathelwanayo
• I-Mononucleosis - i-photomicrograph yeseli
• I-Gianotti-Crosti syndrome emlenzeni
• I-Mononucleosis - ukubuka komphimbo
• I-Mononucleosis - umlomo
• Amasosha omzimba

U-Ebell MH, Call M, Shinholser J, Gardner J. Ngabe lesi siguli sine-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo?: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. JAMA. 2016; 315 (14): 1502-1509. I-PMID: 27115266 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27115266/.

UJohannsen EC, uKaye KM. Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr (i-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo, izifo ezibulalayo ezihlobene negciwane le-Epstein-Barr nezinye izifo). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 138.

I-Weinberg JB. Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 281.

Ubusika JN. Sondela esigulini nge-lymphadenopathy ne-splenomegaly. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 159.