Inhlupho

Isifo esiwumshayabhuqe yisifo esibi segciwane esingadala ukufa.

Inhlupho ibangelwa amagciwane Yersinia pestis. Amagundane, njengamagundane, athwala lesi sifo. Isakazwa ngamazeze abo.

Abantu bangathola isifo lapho belunywa yizintakumba ezithwala amagciwane abhubhisayo avela egundaneni elinegciwane. Ezimweni ezingavamile, abantu bathola lesi sifo lapho bephethe isilwane esinegciwane.

Ukuhlasela kwesifo samaphaphu kubizwa ngokuthi isifo somoya. Kungasakazeka kusuka kumuntu kuye komunye. Lapho umuntu onesifo semiphunga ekhwehlela, amaconsi amancane athwala amabhaktheriya ahamba emoyeni. Noma ngubani ophefumula kulezi zinhlayiya angasithola lesi sifo. Ubhadane lungaqalwa ngale ndlela.

ENkathini Ephakathi eYurophu, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezinkulu zabulala izigidi zabantu. Inhlupho ayikasuswa. Isengatholakala e-Afrika, e-Asia, naseNingizimu Melika.

Namuhla, isifo asivamile e-United States. Kepha kwaziwa ukuthi kwenzeka ezingxenyeni ezithile zeCalifornia, Arizona, Colorado, naseNew Mexico.

Izinhlobo ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zesifo yilezi:

• Isifo se-Bubonic, ukutheleleka kwama-lymph node
• Isifo samaphaphu, ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu
• Isifo se-Septicemic, ukutheleleka kwegazi

Isikhathi esiphakathi kokutheleleka nezimpawu ezikhulayo ngokuvamile izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezi-8. Kodwa isikhathi singaba sincane njengosuku olungu-1 lwesifo se-pneumonic.

Izici ezinobungozi besifo zihlanganisa ukulunywa kwamazeze muva nje nokuchayeka kumagundane, ikakhulukazi onogwaja, izingwejeje, noma izinja zasemaphandleni, noma imihuzuko noma ukulunywa amakati ezifuywayo angenwe yilesi sifo.

Izimpawu zesifo se-Bubonic zivele ngokuzumayo, imvamisa ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-5 ngemuva kokuchayeka kuma-bacteria. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Ukuzizwa okujwayelekile (malaise)
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukuquleka
• Ukuvuvukala okubushelelezi, okubuhlungu kwe-lymph gland okubizwa nge-bubo okutholakala kakhulu emgodini, kepha kungenzeka emakhwapheni noma entanyeni, imvamisa endaweni yesifo (ukuluma noma ukuklwebheka); ubuhlungu bungase buqale ngaphambi kokuvuvukala

Izimpawu zesifo se-pneumonic zivele ngokuzumayo, ngokujwayelekile izinsuku ezi-1 kuye kwezi-4 ngemuva kokuvezwa. Kubandakanya:

• Ukukhwehlela okukhulu
• Kunzima ukuphefumula nobuhlungu esifubeni lapho uphefumula ngokujulile
• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Isigaxa, isikhwehlela esinegazi

Isifo se-Septicism singabangela ukufa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu ezinzima. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukopha ngenxa yezinkinga zokuvala igazi
• Uhudo
• Imfiva
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu zakho.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Isiko legazi
• Isiko le-lymph node aspirate (uketshezi oluthathwe ku-lymph node noma bubo ethintekile)
• Isiko lesikhohlela
• I-x-ray yesifuba

Abantu abanesifo badinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma ukwelashwa kungatholakali kungakapheli amahora angama-24 lapho kuvela khona izimpawu zokuqala, ingozi yokufa iyanda.

Ama-antibiotic anjenge-streptomycin, i-gentamicin, i-doxycycline, noma i-ciprofloxacin asetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo. Kudingeka ne-oxygen, uketshezi olufakwa emithanjeni, nokusekelwa okuphefumulayo.

Abantu abanesifo samaphaphu kufanele bagcinwe kude nabanakekeli nezinye iziguli. Abantu abake baxhumana nanoma ngubani ongenwe yisifo se-pneumonia kufanele babhekwe ngokucophelela futhi banikezwe ama-antibiotic njengendlela yokuvimbela.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, cishe abantu abangama-50% abanesifo se-bubonic bayafa. Cishe wonke umuntu one-septicemic noma i-pneumonic isifo uyafa uma engalashwa ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kwehlisa izinga lokufa libe ngu-50%.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uba nezimpawu zesifo ngemuva kokuchayeka kumazeze noma amagundane. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho uma uhlala noma uvakashele indawo lapho kuvela khona isifo.

Ukulawulwa kwegundane nokubheka lesi sifo kubantu bezilwane zasendle yizinyathelo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula ubungozi bezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. Umuthi wokugomela isifo awusasetshenziswa e-United States.

Isifo seBubonic; Isifo se-pneumonic; Ubhubhane lwe-Septic

• Impukane
• Ukulunywa ngamaza - ukusondela
• Amasosha omzimba
• Amagciwane

IGage KL, iMead PS. Inhlupheko nezinye izifo ze-yersinia. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 312.

I-Mead PS. Izinhlobo ze-Yersinia (kufaka nohlupho). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 231.