I-meningococcal meningitis

I-Meningitis ukutheleleka kolwelwesi olumboze ubuchopho nomgogodla. Le ngubo ibizwa ngokuthi ama-meninges.

Amagciwane ayilohlobo olulodwa lwegciwane elingadala i-meningitis. Amabhaktheriya e-meningococcal angolunye uhlobo lwama-bacteria abangela i-meningitis.

I-meningococcal meningitis ibangelwa amagciwane I-Neisseria meningitidis (owaziwa nangokuthi i-meningococcus).

I-Meningococcus iyimbangela evame kakhulu ye-bacterial meningitis ezinganeni nasebusheni. Kuyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-bacterial meningitis kubantu abadala.

Ukutheleleka kwenzeka kaningi ebusika noma entwasahlobo. Kungadala ubhadane lwendawo ezikoleni okuhlalwa kuzo, ezindlini zokufundela amakolishi noma ezisekelweni zamasosha.

Izici zobungozi zibandakanya ukuvezwa muva nje komuntu one-meningococcal meningitis, ukugcwalisa ukuntuleka, ukusetshenziswa kwe-eculizumab, nokuchayeka ekubhemeni kukagwayi.

Izimpawu zivame ukufika ngokushesha, futhi zingafaka:

• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Izimo zengqondo ziyashintsha
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Izindawo ezinombala onsomi, ezifana nokulimala (purpura)
• I-Rash, ikhomba izindawo ezibomvu (petechiae)
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni (photophobia)
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Intamo eqinile

Ezinye izimpawu ezingenzeka ngalesi sifo:

• Ukuyaluza
• Ama-fontanelles aqhamukayo ezinganeni
• Ukwehla kokuqonda
• Ukungondli kahle noma ukucasuka ezinganeni
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• Ukuma okungavamile kwekhanda nentamo kuguqulwe emuva (opisthotonus)

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Imibuzo izogxila kwizimpawu nokuvezwa okungenzeka kothile ongase abe nezimpawu ezifanayo, ezifana nentamo eqinile nomkhuhlane.

Uma umhlinzeki ecabanga ukuthi i-meningitis kungenzeka, ukubhoboza i-lumbar (umpompi womgogodla) kungenzeka kwenziwe ukuthola isampula loketshezi lomgogodla ukuze kuhlolwe.

Olunye uvivinyo olungenziwa lubandakanya:

• Isiko legazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan yekhanda
• Ukubalwa kwamaseli amhlophe egazi (WBC)
• Ibala le-Gram, amanye amabala akhethekile

Ama-antibiotic azoqalwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

• ICeftriaxone ingenye yama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu.
• I-penicillin ngemithamo ephezulu icishe isebenze njalo.
• Uma kukhona ukungezwani komzimba ne-penicillin, i-chloramphenicol ingasetshenziswa.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ama-corticosteroids anganikezwa.

Abantu abasondelene kakhulu nomuntu one-meningococcal meningitis kufanele banikezwe ama-antibiotic ukuvikela ukutheleleka.

Abantu abanjalo bahlanganisa:

• Amalungu omndeni
• Abahlala ndawonye ezindlini zokulala
• Izisebenzi zamasosha ezihlala eduze
• Labo abasondelana futhi basondele isikhathi eside nomuntu othelelekile

Ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuthuthukisa umphumela. Ukufa kungenzeka. Izingane ezincane nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50 basengozini enkulu yokufa.

Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zingafaka:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• Ukwakhiwa koketshezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi okuholela ekuvuvukeni kobuchopho (i-hydrocephalus)
• Ukwakhiwa koketshezi phakathi kogebhezi nobuchopho (ukungcola komhlaba)
• Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo (myocarditis)
• Ukuquleka

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo uma usola i-meningitis enganeni encane enezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukondla ubunzima
• Ukukhala okuphezulu
• Ukuthukuthela
• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo ongachazeki

I-meningitis ngokushesha ingaba isifo esongela impilo.

Vala oxhumana nabo emndenini ofanayo, esikoleni, noma enkulisa kufanele babhekelwe izimpawu zokuqala zesifo ngokushesha nje lapho kutholakala umuntu wokuqala. Bonke oxhumana nabo emndenini nasondelene nalo muntu kufanele baqale ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic ngokushesha okukhulu ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ngalokhu ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kokuqala.

Njalo sebenzisa imikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko, njengokugeza izandla ngaphambi nangemva kokushintsha inabukeni noma ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.

Imithi yokugoma ye-meningococcus iyasebenza ekulawuleni ukusabalala. Okwamanje kunconyelwe lokhu:

• Intsha
• Abafundi baseKolishi ngonyaka wabo wokuqala bahlala ezindlini zokulala
• Ukuqashwa kwezempi
• Abahambi baya ezingxenyeni ezithile zomhlaba

Yize kungavamile, abantu abagonyiwe basengakuthola ukutheleleka.

Meningococcal meningitis; I-Gram negative - i-meningococcus

• Izilonda ze-Meningococcal ngemuva
• Isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi nesistimu yezinzwa ezungezayo
• Ukubalwa kwamaseli e-CSF
• Isibonakaliso sikaBrudzinski se-meningitis
• Isibonakaliso sikaKernig se-meningitis

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. I-meningitis yebhaktheriya. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 6, 2019. Kufinyelelwe kuDisemba 1, 2020.

UPollard AJ, uSadarangani M. Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus). Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 218.

UStephens DS. I-Neisseria meningitidis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 211.