Umkhuhlane we-Q

I-Q fever yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa amagciwane asakazwa yizilwane ezifuywayo nezasendle nemikhaza.

Umkhuhlane we-Q ubangelwa amagciwane Coxiella burnetii, ezihlala ezilwaneni ezifuywayo njengezinkomo, izimvu, izimbuzi, izinyoni namakati. Ezinye izilwane zasendle nemikhaza nazo ziphethe la magciwane.

Ungathola umkhuhlane we-Q ngokuphuza ubisi oluhlaza (olungasetshenziswanga), noma ngemuva kokuphefumula othulini noma amaconsi emoyeni angcoliswe indle yezilwane, igazi, noma imikhiqizo yokuzalwa.

Abantu abasengozini yokutheleleka bahlanganisa abasebenza ekuhlatshweni, odokotela bezilwane, abacwaningi, abacubungula ukudla, kanye nezimvu nezinkomo. Abesilisa batheleleka kaningi kunabesifazane. Iningi labantu abathola i-Q fever baphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nengama-70 ubudala.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, lesi sifo sihlasela izingane, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlala epulazini. Ezinganeni ezithelelekile ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, i-Q fever ivame ukubonwa ngenkathi ifuna imbangela ye-pneumonia.

Izimpawu zivame ukukhula amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemuva kokuhlangana namagciwane. Lesi sikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokufukamela. Iningi labantu alinazo izimpawu. Abanye bangaba nezimpawu ezilinganiselayo ezifana nomkhuhlane. Uma kwenzeka izimpawu, zingahlala amasonto ambalwa.

Izimpawu ezivamile zingafaka:

• Ukukhwehlela okomile (okungakhiqizi)
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene (arthralgia)
• Izinhlungu zemisipha

Ezinye izimpawu ezingakhula zibandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• I-jaundice (ukuphuzi kwesikhumba nabamhlophe bamehlo)
• I-Rash

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungaveza imisindo engajwayelekile (ama-crackles) emaphashini noma isibindi esikhulisiwe nobende. Esigabeni sokugcina sesifo, kungenzeka kuzwakale ukukhonona kwenhliziyo.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• I-x-ray yesifuba ukuthola i-pneumonia noma ezinye izinguquko
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amasosha omzimba ukuze Coxiella burnetti
• Isivivinyo somsebenzi wesibindi
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC) ngokuhluka
• Ukushiswa kwezicubu zezicubu ezinesifo ukukhomba amagciwane
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) noma i-echocardiogram (i-echo) ukubheka inhliziyo ngezinguquko

Ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic kunganciphisa ubude besifo. Ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka i-tetracycline ne-doxycycline. Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma izingane ezisenamazinyo ezingane akufanele bathathe i-tetracycline ngomlomo ngoba ingawahlukanisa unomphela amazinyo akhulayo.

Abantu abaningi baba ngcono ngokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi zisongele nokuphila. Umkhuhlane we-Q kufanele welashwe ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ubangela izimpawu.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, umkhuhlane we-Q ubangela ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo okungaholela ezimpawu ezinzima noma nasekufeni uma kungalashwa. Ezinye izinkinga zingabandakanya:

• Ukutheleleka kwamathambo (i-osteomyelitis)
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho (encephalitis)
• Ukutheleleka kwesibindi (i-hepatitis engapheli)
• Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu (i-pneumonia)

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma uba nezimpawu ze-Q fever. Fonela futhi uma welashelwe i-Q fever nezimpawu ziyabuya noma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha.

Ukuncishiswa kobisi kubulala amabhaktheriya abangela i-Q fever yokuqala. Izilwane ezifuywayo kufanele zihlolwe ukuthi azinazo yini izimpawu ze-Q fever uma abantu abadalulwa kuzo benezimpawu zalesi sifo.

• Isilinganiso sethempelesha

IBolgiano EB, Izifo ezithwalwa ngamathikithi kaSexton J. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 126.

UHartzell JD, uMarrie TJ, uRaoult D. Coxiella burnetti (umkhuhlane we-Q). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 188.