UTetanusi

I-Tetanus ukutheleleka kwesistimu yezinzwa nohlobo lwama-bacteria olungaba yingozi, olubizwa ngokuthi IClostridium tetani (C tetani).

Izinhlamvu zebhaktheriyaC tetani zitholakala enhlabathini, nasendleni yezilwane nasemlonyeni (umgudu wamathumbu). Ngendlela yespore, C tetani ingahlala ingasebenzi emhlabathini. Kodwa ingahlala ithelelana iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40.

Ungathola ukutheleleka ngqi uma izinhlamvu zingena emzimbeni wakho ngokulimala noma ngenxeba. Izinhlamvu ziba amabhaktheriya asebenzayo asakazeka emzimbeni futhi enze ubuthi obubizwa ngokuthi yi-tetanus toxin (owaziwa nangokuthi i-tetanospasmin). Lo shevu uvimba amasiginali ezinzwa kusuka emthanjeni wakho kuya emisipheni yakho, okudala ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha okukhulu. Ama-spasms angaba namandla amakhulu kangangokuba adabule imisipha noma abangele ukuphuka komgogodla.

Isikhathi esiphakathi kokutheleleka kanye nesibonakaliso sokuqala sezimpawu cishe izinsuku eziyi-7 kuye kwezingu-21. Izimo eziningi zetetanus e-United States zenzeka kulabo abangakagonyelwe kahle lesi sifo.

I-Tetanus ivame ukuqala ngokuqaqamba okuncane emisipheni yomhlathi (i-lockjaw). Ama-spasms nawo angathinta isifuba sakho, intamo, emuva, kanye nemisipha yesisu. Ama-spasms asemuva emvamisa abangela ukuguqa, okubizwa nge-opisthotonos.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ama-spasms athinta imisipha esiza ngokuphefumula, okungaholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula.

Isenzo semisipha esihlala isikhathi eside sibangela ukusikeka okungazelelwe, okunamandla nobuhlungu kwamaqembu emisipha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-tetany. Lezi iziqephu ezingadala ukuphuka kwemisipha nezinyembezi zemisipha.

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukumunca amathe
• Ukujuluka okweqile
• Imfiva
• Ukudumba kwesandla noma konyawo
• Ukuthukuthela
• Ukugwinya ubunzima
• Ukuchama okungalawuleki noma uketshezi

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba futhi abuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Alukho uhlolo lwelebhu oluthile olutholakalayo lokuxilonga i-tetanus.

Ukuhlolwa kungasetshenziselwa ukukhipha i-meningitis, amarabi, ubuthi be-strychnine, nezinye izifo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Imithi elwa namagciwane
• I-Bedrest enendawo ezolile (ukukhanya okuncane, umsindo owehlisiwe, nezinga lokushisa elizinzile)
• Imithi yokwehlisa ubuthi (tetanus immune globulin)
• Ama-relaxer emisipha, njenge-diazepam
• Izindlela
• Ukuhlinzwa ukuhlanza isilonda nokususa umthombo wobuthi (ukususwa)

Ukusekela ukuphefumula nge-oxygen, ithubhu lokuphefumula, nomshini wokuphefumula kungadingeka.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, umuntu oyedwa kwabane onegciwane uyafa. Izinga lokufa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezine-tetanus ezingalashiwe liphakeme kakhulu. Uma belashwa ngendlela efanele, bangaphansi kuka-15% abantu abanegciwane abashona.

Amanxeba ekhanda noma ebusweni abonakala eyingozi kakhulu kunalawo akwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Uma umuntu esinda ekuguleni okunamandla, ukululama ngokuvamile kuphelela. Iziqephu ezingalungisiwe ze-hypoxia (ukungabi khona komoya-mpilo) okubangelwa ukuqhuma kwemisipha emphinjeni kungaholela ekulimaleni kwengqondo okungalungiseki.

Izinkinga ezingavela ku-tetanus zifaka:

• Ukuvinjelwa komoya
• Ukuboshwa ngokuphefumula
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Inyumoniya
• Ukulimala kwemisipha
• Izintanda
• Ukulimala kobuchopho ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo phakathi nezikhala

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma unesilonda esivulekile, ikakhulukazi uma:

• Ulimele ngaphandle.
• Isilonda besilokhu sixhumana nenhlabathi.
• Awukasitholi isisu se-tetanus booster (umuthi wokugoma) kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi noma awunasiqiniseko ngesimo sakho sokugoma.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho uma ungakaze ugonyelwe i-tetanus njengomuntu omdala noma ingane. Fonela futhi uma izingane zakho zingagonyiwe, noma uma ungenaso isiqiniseko sesimo sakho sokugomela (umuthi wokugomela).

UKUGONYA

Isifo sokuqina kwemisipha sivikeleka ngokuphelele ngokugonywa (ukugonywa). Ukugoma kuvame ukuvikela ukutheleleka ngqi (tetanus) iminyaka eyishumi.

E-United States, ukugoma kuqala ebuntwaneni ngochungechunge lwe-DTaP lwamashothi. Umuthi wokugomela i-DTaP uwumuthi wokugoma we-3-in-1 ovikela i-diphtheria, i-pertussis, ne-tetanus.

Umuthi wokugoma we-Td noma umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap usetshenziselwa ukugcina ukuzivikela kubantu abaneminyaka engu-7 nangaphezulu. Umuthi wokugomela i-Tdap kufanele unikezwe kanye, ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-65, esikhundleni se-Td kulabo abangenayo i-Tdap. Ama-Td boers anconywa njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 kusukela eminyakeni yobudala eyi-19.

Intsha esekhulile kanye nabantu abadala abathola ukulimala, ikakhulukazi amanxeba ohlobo lokubhoboza, kufanele bathole i-tetanus booster uma sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 selokhu kwaqala ukukhuthazwa.

Uma ulimale ngaphandle noma nganoma iyiphi indlela exhumana nenhlabathi cishe, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho ngengozi yakho yokuthola ukutheleleka ngqi. Ukulimala namanxeba kufanele kuhlanzwe kahle zisuka. Uma izicubu zesilonda ziyafa, udokotela uzodinga ukususa isicubu.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ukuthi ungathola isifo ngqi uma ulinyazwa yisipikili esigqwalile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kuphela uma isipikili singcolile futhi sinamagciwane e-tetanus kuso. Kungukungcola kwesipikili, hhayi ukugqwala okubeka engcupheni yetetanus.

I-Lockjaw; UTismus

• Amagciwane

I-Birch TB, iBleck TP. Umhlathi (Clostridium tetani). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 244.

USimon BC, uHern HG. Izimiso zokuphathwa kwezilonda. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 52.