Ukuqhuma kwe-COPD

Izimpawu zesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona ezingalapheki zingakhula ngokuzumayo. Ungase ukuthole kunzima ukuphefumula. Ungahle ukhwehlele noma uhehe kakhulu noma ukhiqize i-phlegm eningi. Ungazizwa ukhathazekile futhi unenkinga yokulala noma ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Le nkinga ibizwa ngokuthi ukukhubazeka okungapheli kwesifo samaphaphu (COPD), noma i-COPD flare-up.

Ukugula okuthile, imikhuhlane, kanye nokutheleleka kwamaphaphu kusuka kuma-virus noma amabhaktheriya kungaholela ekuqhumeni. Ezinye izimbangela zingafaka:

• Ukuba seduze kwentuthu noma ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo
• Isimo sezulu siyashintsha
• Ukwenza umsebenzi omningi kakhulu
• Ukuba phansi
• Ukuzizwa ucindezelekile noma ukhathazekile

Imvamisa ungaphatha i-flare-up ngokushesha ngemithi nokuzinakekela. Sebenza nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ohlelweni lwezenzo zokukhuliswa kwe-COPD ukuze wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze.

Yazi izimpawu zakho ezijwayelekile ze-COPD, amaphethini wokulala, nokuthi unezinsuku ezinhle noma ezimbi. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ufunde umehluko phakathi kwezimpawu zakho ezijwayelekile ze-COPD nezimpawu zokuqhuma.

Izimpawu ze-COPD flare-up zokugcina ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ngaphezulu futhi zinamandla kakhulu kunezimpawu zakho ezijwayelekile. Izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu futhi azihambi nje. Uma unesisindo esigcwele, kungadingeka ukuthi uye esibhedlela.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• Inkinga yokubamba umoya wakho
• Imisindo enomsindo, ephefumulayo
• Ukukhwehlela, kwesinye isikhathi kunamafinyila amaningi kunokujwayelekile noma ushintsho kumbala we-mucus wakho

Ezinye izimpawu zokuqhuma zihlanganisa:

• Ukungakwazi ukuphefumula okujulile
• Kunzima ukulala
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda ekuseni
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukukhathazeka
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaqakala noma imilenze
• Isikhumba esimpunga noma esiphaphathekile
• Izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma nsomi noma amathiphu ezipikili
• Unenkinga yokukhuluma ngemisho ephelele

Esibonakalisweni sokuqala se-flare-up:

• Ungabi novalo. Ungakwazi ukugcina izimpawu zingabi zimbi kakhulu.
• Thatha imithi njengoba iqondiswe kuma-flare-ups. Lokhu kungabandakanya ama-inhalers wokusiza ngokushesha, ama-steroids noma ama-antibiotic owaphuzayo ngomlomo, imithi elwa nokukhathazeka, noma umuthi nge-nebulizer.
• Thatha ama-antibiotic njengoba uyalelwe uma umhlinzeki wakho ekusho.
• Sebenzisa i-oxygen uma kunqunyiwe.
• Sebenzisa ukuphefumula komlomo okulandelwe ukonga amandla, unciphise ukuphefumula kwakho, futhi kukusize uphumule.
• Uma izimpawu zakho zingabi ngcono kungakapheli amahora angama-48, noma izimpawu zakho ziqhubeka ziba zimbi, shayela umhlinzeki wakho noma uye esibhedlela.

Uma une-COPD:

• Yeka ukubhema futhi ugweme intuthu kagwayi. Ukugwema intuthu kuyindlela engcono yokunciphisa umonakalo emaphashini akho. Buza umhlinzeki wakho mayelana nezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema nezinye izinketho, ezinjenge-nicotine-replacement therapy.
• Thatha imithi yakho njengokuyalelwa.
• Buza umhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu. Lolu hlelo lubandakanya ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuphefumula, namathiphu wokudla.
• Bona umhlinzeki wakho izikhathi ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ngonyaka ukuze zihlolwe, noma kaningi uma ziqondiswa.
• Sebenzisa i-oxygen uma umhlinzeki wakho eyincoma.

Gwema imikhuhlane nomkhuhlane, kufanele:

• Hlala kude nabantu abanemikhuhlane.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo. Phatha i-sanitizer yezandla ngezikhathi lapho ungakwazi khona ukugeza izandla zakho.
• Thola yonke imigomo yakho enconywayo, kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane odutshulwa minyaka yonke.
• Gwema umoya obanda kakhulu.
• Gcina izinto ezingcolisa umoya, ezifana nentuthu yeziko nothuli, ngaphandle kwekhaya lakho.

Phila impilo enempilo:

• Hlala usebenza ngangokunokwenzeka. Zama ukuhamba okufishane nokuqeqeshwa kwesisindo okulula. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngezindlela zokuzivocavoca umzimba.
• Thatha amakhefu njalo usuku lonke. Phumula phakathi kwemisebenzi yansuku zonke yokonga amandla akho futhi unikeze amaphaphu akho isikhathi sokululama.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo okunothile ngamaprotheni anciphile, inhlanzi, izithelo nemifino. Yidla izidlo ezimbalwa ngosuku.
• UNGAPHUZI uketshezi ngesikhathi sokudla. Lokhu kuzokugcina ungazizwa ugcwele kakhulu. Kepha, qiniseka ukuthi uphuza uketshezi ngezinye izikhathi ukuze ungaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Ngemuva kokulandela uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-COPD, shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ukuphefumula kwakho kusese:

• Ukuthola kunzima
• Kushesha kakhulu kunakuqala
• Kujulile futhi awukwazi ukuthola umoya ojulile

Fonela nomhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Udinga ukuncika phambili lapho uhleli ukuze uphefumule kalula
• Usebenzisa imisipha ezungeze izimbambo zakho ukukusiza uphefumule
• Uhlala uphathwa yikhanda kaningi
• Uzizwa ulele noma udidekile
• Unomkhuhlane
• Ukhwehlela amafinyila amnyama
• Izindebe zakho, iminwe yakho, noma isikhumba esizungeze izinzipho zakho siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Unobuhlungu besifuba noma ukungaphatheki kahle
• Awukwazi ukukhuluma ngemisho ephelele

Ukwanda kwe-COPD; Ukukhubazeka okwedlulele kwesifo samaphaphu; Ukukhuliswa kwe-Emphysema; Ukukhuphuka komzimba okungapheli

UCcriner GJ, uBourbeau J, uDiekemper RL, et al. Ukuvimbela ukukhushulwa okukhulu kwe-COPD: I-American College of Chest Physicians kanye nomhlahlandlela weCanada Thoracic Society. Isifuba. 2015; 147 (4): 894-942. I-PMID: 25321320 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25321320.

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) iwebhusayithi. Isu lomhlaba wonke lokuxilongwa, ukuphathwa, nokuvinjelwa kwe-COPD: Umbiko we-2019. goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 22, 2019.

UHan MK, uLazaru SC. I-COPD: ukuxilongwa komtholampilo nokuphathwa. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 44.

• I-COPD