I-Tourette syndrome

I-Tourette syndrome yisimo esidala ukuthi umuntu enze ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe, okusheshayo noma imisindo abangakwazi ukuyilawula.

I-Tourette syndrome ibizwa ngegama likaGeorges Gilles de la Tourette, owaqala ukuchaza lesi sifo ngo-1885. Lesi sifo kungenzeka sidluliselwa ngemindeni.

Lesi sifo singaxhunyaniswa nezinkinga ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho. Kungenzeka ukuthi ihlobene nezinto zamakhemikhali (i-dopamine, i-serotonin, ne-norepinephrine) ezisiza amangqamuzana ezinzwa ukuthi akhombisane.

I-Tourette syndrome ingaba nzima noma imnene. Abantu abaningi abane-tics emnene bangahle bangazazi futhi bangalokothi bafune usizo lwezokwelapha. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abanezinhlobo ezinzima kakhulu ze-Tourette syndrome.

I-Tourette syndrome inamathuba ama-4 okuba kwenzeke kubafana njengasemantombazaneni. Kukhona amathuba angama-50% okuthi umuntu one-Tourette syndrome adlulisele isakhi ezinganeni zakhe.

Izimpawu ze-Tourette syndrome zivame ukubonwa okokuqala ngesikhathi sobuntwana, ziphakathi kweminyaka eyi-7 nengu-10. Izingane eziningi ezine-Tourette syndrome nazo zinezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha. Lokhu kungafaka ukunakekelwa kokushoda kwengqondo (ADHD), ukukhathazeka ngokweqile (OCD), ukuphazamiseka kokulawula umfutho, noma ukucindezeleka.

Uphawu lokuqala oluvame kakhulu yi-tic yobuso. Kungalandelwa eminye imisindo. I-tic ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, okusheshayo, okuphindaphindiwe noma umsindo.

Izimpawu ze-Tourette syndrome zingahluka zisuka ekunyakazeni okuncane, okuncane (njengokugquma, ukuhogela, noma ukukhwehlela) kuye ekunyakazeni okungapheli nemisindo engalawulwa.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-tics zingafaka:

• Ingalo ifaka
• Ukucwayiza kweso
• Ukugxuma
• Ukukhahlela
• Ukukhishwa umphimbo okuphindiwe noma ukuhogela
• Amahlombe ehlombe

Ama-Tics kungenzeka izikhathi eziningi ngosuku. Bajwayele ukwenza ngcono noma babe babi ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. I-tics ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala.

Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, bambalwa kuphela abantu abasebenzisa amagama athukayo noma amanye amagama noma amabinzana angafanele (i-coprolalia).

I-Tourette syndrome ihlukile kune-OCD. Abantu abane-OCD bazizwa sengathi kufanele benze isimilo. Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu angaba nakho kokubili iTourette syndrome kanye ne-OCD.

Abantu abaningi abane-Tourette syndrome bangayeka ukwenza i-tic isikhathi esithile. Kepha bathola ukuthi i-tic inamandla imizuzu embalwa ngemuva kokuyivumela ukuthi iqale futhi. Imvamisa, i-tic inciphisa noma ima ngesikhathi sokulala.

Azikho izivivinyo zelebhu zokuxilonga i-Tourette syndrome. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo cishe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu.

Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-Tourette syndrome, umuntu kufanele:

• Sike saba nezimoto eziningi kanye ne-tics eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yezwi, yize lezi zethikhi kungenzeka ukuthi azange zenzeke ngasikhathi sinye.
• Yiba nama-tics avela kaningi ngosuku, cishe nsuku zonke noma ngaphakathi nangaphandle, isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka owodwa.
• Ngiqale ama-tics ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-18.
• Ungabi nenye inkinga yobuchopho engaba imbangela yezimpawu.

Abantu abanezimpawu ezincane abaphathwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imiphumela emibi yemithi ingaba mibi kakhulu kunezimpawu ze-Tourette syndrome.

Uhlobo lokwelashwa kokukhuluma (ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo) olubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqula umkhuba kungasiza ukucindezela ama-tics.

Kunemithi ehlukene yokwelapha i-Tourette syndrome. Umuthi ngqo osetshenzisiwe uncike ezimpawu kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha.

Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi ngabe ukukhuthazeka kobuchopho okujulile kuyindlela ongakhetha ngayo. Kuyahlolwa ukuthola izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-Tourette syndrome kanye nokuziphatha okuphoqelela ngokweqile. Ukwelashwa akunconywa lapho lezi zimpawu zivela kumuntu ofanayo.

Imininingwane engaphezulu nokusekelwa kwabantu abane-Tourette syndrome kanye nemindeni yabo kungatholakala ku:

• I-Tourette Association of America - tourette.org/online-support-groups-tourette-syndrome/

Izimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu phakathi neminyaka yobusha bese zithuthuka ebudaleni. Kwabanye abantu, izimpawu zihamba ngokuphelele iminyaka embalwa bese ziyabuya. Kubantu abambalwa, izimpawu azibuyi nhlobo.

Izimo ezingenzeka kubantu abane-Tourette syndrome zifaka:

• Izinkinga zokulawula ulaka
• Ukunakwa kokushoda kokungasebenzi kahle (ADHD)
• Ukuziphatha okungathatheki
• Ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukucindezela
• Amakhono omphakathi aphansi

Lezi zimo zidinga ukutholakala nokwelashwa.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho uma wena noma ingane ine-tics enzima noma ephikelelayo, noma uma iphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke.

Akukho ukuvimbela okwaziwayo.

Isifo seGilles de la Tourette; Izinkinga ze-Tic - Tourette syndrome

Isifo sikaJankovic J. Parkinson nezinye izinkinga zokuhamba. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 96.

UMartinez-Ramirez D, uJimenez-Shahed J, uLeckman JF, et al. Ukusebenza nokuphepha kokukhuthazeka kobuchopho okujulile ku-Tourette syndrome: I-International Tourette Syndrome Deep Brain Stimulation Public Database kanye neRegistry. I-JAMA Neurol. I-2018; 75 (3): 353-359. I-PMID: 29340590 kushicilelwe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29340590/.

URyan CA, uWalter HJ, uDeMaso DR. Ukuphazamiseka kwemoto nemikhuba. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 37.