I-Sensorimotor polyneuropathy

I-Sensorimotor polyneuropathy yisimo esidala ukwehla kwekhono lokunyakaza noma lokuzwa (ukuzwa) ngenxa yomonakalo wezinzwa.

I-Neuropathy isho isifo, noma ukulimala kwezinzwa. Uma kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi (i-CNS), okungukuthi, ubuchopho nomgogodla, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-peripheral neuropathy. I-Mononeuropathy isho ukuthi kuhileleke inzwa eyodwa. I-Polyneuropathy isho ukuthi izinzwa eziningi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba ziyabandakanyeka.

I-Neuropathy ingathinta izinzwa ezinikeza ukuzwa (i-sensory neuropathy) noma zibangele ukunyakaza (motor neuropathy). Kungathinta futhi zombili, lapho kuthiwa yi-sensorimotor neuropathy.

I-Sensorimotor polyneuropathy inqubo yomzimba wonke (systemic) elimaza amaseli ezinzwa, imicu yezinzwa (ama-axon), nokumbozwa kwezinzwa (i-myelin sheath). Ukulimala kokumbozwa kweseli lezinzwa kudala amasignali ezinzwa ukuthi anciphise noma ame. Ukulimala kwe-fiber fiber noma yonke i-nerve cell kungenza ukuthi i-nerve iyeke ukusebenza. Amanye ama-neuropathies akhula ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kanti amanye angaqala futhi abe nzima ngaphakathi kwamahora nezinsuku.

Ukulimala kwemithambo kungabangelwa:

• Ukuzilimaza (lapho umzimba uzihlasela ngokwakho) ukuphazamiseka
• Izimo ezicindezela izinzwa
• Ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi kuye ezinzwa
• Izifo ezibhubhisa i-glue (izicubu ezixhuma) ezigcina amaseli nezicubu ndawonye
• Ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) kwemizwa

Ezinye izifo ziholela kwi-polyneuropathy ikakhulukazi ezwelayo noma ikakhulukazi imoto. Izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-sensorimotor polyneuropathy zifaka:

• I-neuropathy yotshwala
• I-polyneuropathy ye-Amyloid
• Ukuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo, njenge-Sjögren syndrome
• Umdlavuza (obizwa nge-paraneoplastic neuropathy)
• Isikhathi eside (esingapheli) i-neuropathy yokuvuvukala
• I-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela
• I-neuropathy ehlobene nezidakamizwa, kufaka phakathi i-chemotherapy
• Isifo se-Guillain-Barré
• I-neuropathy eyifa
• I-HIV / AIDS
  
• I-thyroid ephansi
  
• Isifo se-Parkinson
  
• Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini (amavithamini B12, B1, no-E)
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Zika

Izimpawu zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ukwehla kwemizwa kunoma iyiphi indawo yomzimba
• Kunzima ukugwinya noma ukuphefumula
• Kunzima ukusebenzisa izingalo noma izandla
• Kunzima ukusebenzisa imilenze noma izinyawo
• Kunzima ukuhamba
• Ubuhlungu, ukuvutha, ukushaywa, noma ukuzwa okungavamile kunoma iyiphi indawo yomzimba (ebizwa nge-neuralgia)
• Ukubuthakathaka kobuso, izingalo, noma imilenze, noma iyiphi indawo yomzimba
• Ukuwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yokuntuleka kokulinganisela nokungazizwa phansi kwezinyawo zakho

Izimpawu zingakhula ngokushesha (njengaseGuillain-Barré syndrome) noma kancane ngaphezu kwamasonto kuya eminyakeni. Izimpawu zivame ukwenzeka ezinhlangothini zombili zomzimba. Imvamisa, aqala emaphethelweni ezinzwane kuqala.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokuhlola abuze ngezimpawu zakho. Ukuhlolwa kungakhombisa:

• Ukwehla kwemizwa (kungathinta ukuthinta, ubuhlungu, ukudlidliza, noma ukuzwa kwesikhundla)
• Ukucabanga okunciphile (imvamisa iqakala)
• Ukuncipha kwemisipha
• Imisipha iyashwiba
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ukukhubazeka

Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• I-biopsy yezinzwa ezithintekile
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kwemisipha (EMG)
• Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kokuqhutshwa kwemizwa
• Ama-X-ray noma okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-MRI

Izinjongo zokwelashwa zifaka:

• Ukuthola imbangela
• Ukulawula izimpawu
• Ukukhuthaza ukuzinakekela komuntu nokuzimela kwakhe

Ngokuya ngesizathu, ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukuguqula imithi, uma ngabe kubangela inkinga
• Ukulawula izinga likashukela egazini, lapho i-neuropathy ivela kwesifo sikashukela
• Ukungaphuzi utshwala
• Ukuthatha izithako zokudla nsuku zonke
• Imithi yokwelapha imbangela ye-polyneuropathy

UKUKHUTHAZA UKUZINAKEKELA NENKULULEKO

• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba nokuqeqesha kabusha ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwezinzwa ezonakele
• Ukwelashwa kweJob (vocational)
• Ukwelashwa emsebenzini
• Ukwelashwa kwamathambo
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba
• Izihlalo ezinamasondo, izinsimbi zokubopha izinsimbi noma izinsimbi

UKULAWULWA KWEZIMPAWU

Ukuphepha kubalulekile kubantu abane-neuropathy. Ukuntuleka kokulawulwa kwemisipha nokwehla kwemizwa kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuwa noma okunye ukulimala.

Uma unenkinga yokuhamba, lezi zinyathelo zingakusiza ukuthi uhlale uphephile:

• Shiya izibani zikhanya.
• Susa izithiyo (njengama-rugs okuxegayo angahle ashelele phansi).
• Hlola izinga lokushisa kwamanzi ngaphambi kokugeza.
• Sebenzisa okwensimbi.
• Gqoka izicathulo zokuzivikela (njengalezo ezinezinzwane ezivaliwe nezithende eziphansi).
• Gqoka izicathulo ezinezinyawo ezingasheleli.

Amanye amathiphu afaka:

• Hlola izinyawo zakho (noma enye indawo ethintekile) nsuku zonke ukuthola imihuzuko, izindawo ezivulekile zesikhumba, noma okunye ukulimala, okungenzeka ungakuboni futhi ungatheleleka.
• Bheka ingaphakathi lezicathulo kaningi ngamabala amabi noma amabi angalimaza izinyawo zakho.
• Vakashela udokotela onyawo (podiatrist) ukuze ahlole futhi anciphise ubungozi bokulimala ezinyaweni zakho.
• Gwema ukuncika endololwaneni yakho, ukuwela emadolweni akho, noma ukuba kwezinye izikhundla ezifaka ingcindezi ende ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba.

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi simo:

• Ukudambisa izinhlungu ezithengiswa ekhawunteni nokuncipha ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bokugwaza (i-neuralgia)
• Ama-anticonvulsants noma ama-anti-depressants
• Ama-lotions, okhilimu, noma amabala anezokwelapha

Sebenzisa umuthi wezinhlungu kuphela lapho kudingeka. Ukugcina umzimba wakho usesimweni esifanele noma ukugcina amalineni embhede engxenyeni yomzimba yethenda kungasiza ekulawuleni ubuhlungu.

La maqembu anganikeza imininingwane eminingi nge-neuropathy.

• I-Neuropathy Action Foundation - www.neuropathyaction.org
• Isisekelo se-Peripherial Neuropathy - www.foundationforpn.org

Kwezinye izimo, ungalulama ngokuphelele kwi-peripheral neuropathy uma umhlinzeki wakho engathola imbangela futhi ayiphathe ngempumelelo, futhi uma umonakalo ungathinti lonke iseli lezinzwa.

Inani lokukhubazeka liyahlukahluka. Abanye abantu abanakho ukukhubazeka. Abanye banokulahleka okuncane noma okuphelele kokuhamba, ukusebenza, noma umuzwa. Ubuhlungu bemizwa bungase bungakhululeki futhi bungahlala isikhathi eside.

Kwezinye izimo, i-sensorimotor polyneuropathy ibangela izimpawu ezinzima, ezisongela impilo.

Izinkinga ezingaba nomphumela zifaka:

• Ukukhubazeka
• Ukulimala ezinyaweni (okubangelwa izicathulo ezimbi noma amanzi ashisayo lapho ungena kubhavu)
• Ubudikadika
• Ubuhlungu
• Unenkinga yokuhamba
• Ubuthakathaka
• Kunzima ukuphefumula noma ukugwinya (ezimweni ezinzima)
• Ukuwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokulinganisela

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ulahlekelwe ukunyakaza noma umuzwa engxenyeni ethile yomzimba wakho. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kwandisa amathuba okulawula izimpawu.

I-Polyneuropathy - inzwa yesimo

• Isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi nesistimu yezinzwa ezungezayo
• Uhlelo lwezinzwa

UCraig A, uRichardson JK, u-Ayyangar R. Ukuvuselelwa kweziguli ezine-neuropathies. Ku: Cifu DX, ed. I-Braddom's Physical Medicine & Ukuvuselelwa. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 41.

Endrizzi SA, Rathmell JP, Hurley RW. Ama-neuropathies abuhlungu we-peripheral. Ku: Benzon HT, Raja SN, Liu SS, Fishman SM, Cohen SP, ama-eds. Okubalulekile Kwemithi Yezinhlungu. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 32.

UKatitji B. Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa yomngcele. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 107.