Isifo i-Alzheimer

I-Dementia ukulahleka kokusebenza kobuchopho okwenzeka ngezifo ezithile. Isifo i-Alzheimer (AD) siyindlela ejwayelekile yokuwohloka komqondo. Kuthinta inkumbulo, ukucabanga nokuziphatha.

Imbangela ngqo yesifo i-Alzheimer ayaziwa. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izinguquko ezithile ebuchosheni ziholela kwisifo i-Alzheimer.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ube nesifo i-Alzheimer uma:

• Badala - Ukuthuthukisa isifo i-Alzheimer akuyona ingxenye yokuguga okujwayelekile.
• Yiba nesihlobo esiseduze, njengomfowenu, udadewenu, noma umzali onesifo i-Alzheimer.
• Yiba nezakhi zofuzo ezithile ezixhunyaniswe nesifo i-Alzheimer.

Okulandelayo kungakhuphula nobungozi:

• Ukuba ngowesifazane
• Ukuba nezinkinga zenhliziyo negazi ngenxa ye-cholesterol ephezulu
• Umlando wokuhlukumezeka ekhanda

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo i-Alzheimer:

• Ukuqala kokuqala kwesifo se-Alzheimer -- Izimpawu zivela ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-60. Lolu hlobo aluvamile kakhulu kunasekuqaleni kwesikhathi. Kuvame ukuba kubi ngokushesha. Isifo sokuqala singasebenza emindenini. Kukhonjwe izakhi zofuzo eziningana.
• Ukuqala kwesifo se-Alzheimer -- Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu. Kungasebenza kweminye imindeni, kepha indima yezakhi zofuzo ayicaci kangako.

Izimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer zifaka ubunzima ezindaweni eziningi zokusebenza kwengqondo, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuziphatha ngokomzwelo noma ubuntu
• Ulimi
• Imemori
• Ukubona
• Ukucabanga nokwahlulela (amakhono okuqonda)

Isifo i-Alzheimer ngokuvamile siqala ukuvela njengokukhohlwa.

Ukukhubazeka okuphakathi kwengqondo (i-MCI) kuyisigaba esiphakathi kokukhohlwa okujwayelekile ngenxa yokuguga, kanye nokukhula kwesifo i-Alzheimer. Abantu abane-MCI banezinkinga eziphansi ngokucabanga nokukhumbula okungaphazamisi imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Imvamisa bayazi ngokukhohlwa. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-MCI oba nesifo i-Alzheimer.

Izimpawu ze-MCI zifaka:

• Kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi engaphezu kweyodwa ngasikhathi
• Kunzima ukuxazulula izinkinga
• Ukukhohlwa izehlakalo zakamuva noma izingxoxo
• Ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukwenza imisebenzi enzima kakhulu

Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo i-Alzheimer zingafaka:

• Kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi ethatha umcabango othile, kepha ijwayele ukufika kalula, njengokulinganisa ibhuku lokuhlola, ukudlala imidlalo enzima (ibhuloho), nokufunda imininingwane emisha noma izindlela
• Ukulahleka emizileni ejwayelekile
• Izinkinga zolimi, njengenkinga yokukhumbula amagama ezinto ezijwayelekile
• Ukulahlekelwa intshisekelo ezintweni ebezijatshulelwa phambilini nokuba sesimweni sokuphakama
• Ukubeka izinto ngokungafanele
• Izinguquko zobuntu nokulahleka kwamakhono omphakathi

Njengoba isifo se-Alzheimer siba sibi kakhulu, izimpawu ziyabonakala futhi ziphazamisa ikhono lokuzinakekela. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Shintsha amaphethini wokulala, uvame ukuvuka ebusuku
• Ukudukelwa, ukudangala, nokuyaluza
• Kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo, njengokulungiselela ukudla, ukukhetha izingubo ezifanele nokushayela
• Kunzima ukufunda noma ukubhala
• Ukukhohlwa imininingwane ngemicimbi yamanje
• Ukukhohlwa izehlakalo emlandweni wempilo yomuntu nokulahlekelwa ukuzazi
• Ukusangana, ukuphikisana, ukushaya kanye nokuziphatha okunodlame
• Ukwahlulela kabi nokulahlekelwa yikhono lokubona ingozi
• Usebenzisa igama elingalungile, ungabizi kahle amagama, noma ukhuluma ngemisho edidayo
• Ukuhoxa ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi

Abantu abanesifo esibi se-Alzheimer abasakwazi:

• Qaphela amalungu omndeni
• Yenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo yokuphila kwansuku zonke, njengokudla, ukugqoka nokugeza
• Qonda ulimi

Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zivele ngesifo i-Alzheimer:

• Izinkinga zokulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu noma umchamo
• Izinkinga zokugwinya

Umhlinzeki wezempilo onekhono angahle ahlolisise isifo i-Alzheimer ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yezinzwa
• Ukubuza ngomlando wezokwelapha nezimpawu zomuntu
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwengqondo (ukuhlolwa kwesimo sengqondo)

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo i-Alzheimer kwenziwa lapho izimpawu ezithile zikhona, nangokuqinisekisa ukuthi ezinye izimbangela zokuwohloka komqondo azikho.

Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela zokuwohloka komqondo, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukushoda kwegazi
• Isigaxa sobuchopho
• Ukutheleleka kwesikhathi eside (okungapheli)
• Ukudakwa yimithi
• Ukucindezeleka okukhulu
• Uketshezi okwandayo ebuchosheni (ingcindezi ejwayelekile i-hydrocephalus)
• Unhlangothi
• Isifo sendlala yegilo
• Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini

I-CT noma i-MRI yobuchopho ingenziwa ukubheka ezinye izimbangela zokuwohloka komqondo, njengesimila sobuchopho noma isifo sohlangothi. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuskena kwe-PET kungasetshenziswa ukukhipha isifo i-Alzheimer.

Ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi othile unesifo i-Alzheimer ukuhlola isampula lezicubu zobuchopho ngemuva kokufa.

Alikho ikhambi lesifo i-Alzheimer. Izinhloso zokwelashwa yilezi:

• Nciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo (yize lokhu kunzima ukukwenza)
• Phatha izimpawu, njengezinkinga zokuziphatha, ukudideka, nezinkinga zokulala
• Shintsha isimo sasekhaya ukuze wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe lula
• Sekela amalungu omndeni nabanye abanakekeli

Imithi isetshenziselwa:

• Yehlisa izinga lapho izimpawu ziba zimbi khona, noma inzuzo yokusebenzisa le mithi ingaba mincane
• Lawula izinkinga ngokuziphatha, njengokulahleka kokwahlulela noma ukudideka

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa le mithi, buza umhlinzeki:

• Iyini imiphumela emibi? Ingabe umuthi ufanele ingozi?
• Ngisiphi isikhathi esihle sokusebenzisa le mithi, uma sikhona?
• Ngabe imithi yezinye izinkinga zempilo idinga ukuguqulwa noma imiswe?

Umuntu onesifo i-Alzheimer uzodinga ukwesekwa ekhaya njengoba lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu. Amalungu omndeni noma abanye abanakekeli bangasiza ngokusiza umuntu abhekane nokulahleka kwememori nokuziphatha nezinkinga zokulala. Kubalulekile ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhaya lomuntu onesifo i-Alzheimer liphephile kubo.

Ukuba nesifo i-Alzheimer noma ukunakekela umuntu onalesi sifo kungaba yinselele. Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokufuna ukwesekwa ngezinsizakusebenza zesifo i-Alzheimer.Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Ukuthi isifo se-Alzheimer siba sibi masinyane kwehluke kumuntu ngamunye. Uma isifo se-Alzheimer sikhula ngokushesha, maningi amathuba okuthi sibhebhetheke ngokushesha.

Abantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer bavame ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile, noma ngabe umuntu angahlala noma kuphi kusuka eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwengu-20 ngemuva kokuxilongwa.

Imindeni cishe izodinga ukuhlela ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi esizayo kothandekayo wayo.

Isigaba sokugcina sesifo singahlala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya eminyakeni eminingana. Ngaleso sikhathi, umuntu ukhubazeka ngokuphelele. Ukufa kuvame ukuvela ngokutheleleka noma ukwehluleka komzimba.

Shayela umhlinzeki uma:

• Izimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer ziyakhula noma umuntu abe noshintsho olungazelelwe esimweni sengqondo
• Isimo somuntu onesifo i-Alzheimer siba sibi kakhulu
• Awukwazi ukunakekela umuntu onesifo i-Alzheimer ekhaya

Yize ingekho indlela efakazelwe yokuvikela isifo i-Alzheimer, kunezinyathelo ezithile ezingasiza ukuvimbela noma ukubambezela ukuqala kwesifo i-Alzheimer:

• Hlala ekudleni okunamafutha amancane futhi udle ukudla okune-omega-3 fatty acids eningi.
• Zivocavoce kakhulu.
• Hlala usebenza ngokwengqondo nangokwenhlalo.
• Gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela ngesikhathi semisebenzi eyingozi ukuvimbela ukulimala ebuchosheni.

Ukuwohloka komqondo kweSenile - Uhlobo lwe-Alzheimer (SDAT); SDAT; Ukuwohloka komqondo - i-Alzheimer

• Ukuxhumana nomuntu one-aphasia
• Ukuxhumana nomuntu one-dysarthria
• Ukuwohloka komqondo nokushayela
• Ukuwohloka komqondo - izinkinga zokuziphatha nezokulala
• Ukuwohloka komqondo - ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke
• Ukuwohloka komqondo - ukugcina uphephile ekhaya
• Ukuwohloka komqondo - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Ukudla ama-calories amaningi lapho ugula - abantu abadala
• Ukuvimbela ukuwa

• Isifo i-Alzheimer

Iwebhusayithi ye-Alzheimer's Association. Ukukhishwa kwabezindaba: Imihlahlandlela yokuqala yokusebenza yokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo yesifo i-Alzheimer kanye nokunye ukuphelelwa ngumqondo kokunakekelwa okuyisipesheli nokukhethekile. www.alz.org/aaic/releases_2018/AAIC18-Sun-clinical-practice- Guidelines.asp. Kubuyekezwe uJulayi 22, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 16, 2020.

IKnopman DS. Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo nokuwohloka komqondo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 374.

UMartínez G, uVernooij RW, uFuentes Padilla P, uZamora J, uBonfill Cosp X, uFlicker L. 18F PET one-florbetapir yokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwesifo sengqondo i-Alzheimer's dementia nezinye izifo zomqondo kubantu abanokukhubazeka okuncane kwengqondo (MCI). ICochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 11 (11): CD012216. PMID: 29164603 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29164603/.

Peterson R, Graff-Radford J. Isifo i-Alzheimer nezinye izifo zomqondo. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 95.

ISloane PD, uKaufer DI. Isifo i-Alzheimer's. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje kukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 681-686.