I-Mononeuropathy

I-Mononeuropathy ingumonakalo wenzwa eyodwa, okuholela ekulahlekelweni ukunyakaza, ukuzwa, noma omunye umsebenzi waleyo nzwa.

I-Mononeuropathy wuhlobo lokulimala kwe-nerve engaphandle kobuchopho nomgogodla (i-peripheral neuropathy).

I-Mononeuropathy ivame ukubangelwa ukulimala. Izifo ezithinta umzimba wonke (iziyaluyalu zesistimu) nazo zingadala ukulimala kwezinzwa okukodwa.

Ingcindezi yesikhathi eside emthanjeni ngenxa yokuvuvukala noma ukulimala kungaholela ekuboneni nge-mononeuropathy. Ukumbozwa kwemizwa (i-myelin sheath) noma ingxenye yeseli le-nerve (i-axon) kungalimala. Lo monakalo unciphisa noma uvimbela amasiginali ukuthi ahambe ngezinzwa ezonakele.

I-Mononeuropathy ingafaka noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba. Ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile ze-mononeuropathy zifaka:

• Ukungasebenzi kwemizwa ye-Axillary (ukulahlekelwa ukunyakaza noma ukuzwa ehlombe)
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinzwa ezivamile (ukulahlekelwa ukunyakaza noma ukuzwa onyaweni nasemlenzeni)
• I-Carpal tunnel syndrome (ukungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa yangaphakathi - kufaka phakathi ukuba ndikindiki, ukuncinza, ubuthakathaka, noma ukulimala kwemisipha esandleni naseminwe)
• I-Cranial mononeuropathy III, IV, uhlobo lokucindezelwa noma lesifo sikashukela
• I-Cranial mononeuropathy VI (umbono ophindwe kabili)
• I-cranial mononeuropathy VII (ukukhubazeka ebusweni)
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa yabesifazane (ukulahlekelwa ukunyakaza noma ukuzwa okuyingxenye yomlenze)
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwemisipha (izinkinga zokunyakaza engalweni nasesihlakaleni nangokuzwa ngemuva kwengalo noma kwesandla)
• Ukukhubazeka kwemizwa ye-sciatic (inkinga ngemisipha engemuva kwedolo nasemlenzeni ophansi, nokuzwa emuva kwethanga, ingxenye yomlenze ongezansi, kanye nonyawo kuphela)
• Ukukhubazeka kwemizwa ye-Ulnar (i-cubital tunnel syndrome - kufaka phakathi ukuba ndikindiki, ukuncinza, ubuthakathaka bengaphandle nangaphansi kwengalo, intende, indandatho neminwe emincane)

Izimpawu zincike kunzwa ethintekile ethize, futhi zingafaka:

• Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa
• Ukukhubazeka
• Ukulimala, ukushisa, ubuhlungu, ukuzwa okungavamile
• Ubuthakathaka

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba futhi agxile endaweni ethintekile. Kudingeka umlando wezempilo oningiliziwe ukuthola imbangela engaba khona yokuphazamiseka.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• I-Electromyogram (EMG) ukuhlola umsebenzi kagesi emisipheni
• Ukuhlolwa kokuqhutshwa kwemizwa (NCV) ukuhlola ijubane lomsebenzi kagesi ezinzwa
• I-ultrasound yezinzwa ukubuka izinzwa
• I-X-ray, i-MRI noma i-CT scan ukuthola umbono ophelele wendawo ethintekile
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• I-nerve biopsy (uma kwenzeka i-mononeuropathy ngenxa ye-vasculitis)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CSF
• Isikhumba biopsy

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise isitho somzimba esithintekile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zenza izinzwa zithambekele kakhulu ekulimaleni. Isibonelo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela kungalimaza umthambo, okungahle kuthinte inzwa eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, isimo esiyisisekelo kufanele silashwe.

Izinketho zokwelashwa zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ngaphezulu kwama-painkillers, njengemithi elwa nokuvuvukala yezinhlungu eziphansi
• Ama-anti-depressants, ama-anticonvulsants, kanye nemithi efanayo yobuhlungu obungapheli
• Ukujova kwemithi ye-steroid ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nengcindezi kunzwa
• Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha ingcindezi enizini
• Ukwelapha umzimba kuzivocavoca ukugcina amandla emisipha
• Ama-brace, ama-splints, noma amanye amadivayisi okusiza ngokunyakaza
• I-transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) yokuthuthukisa ubuhlungu bezinzwa obuhambisana nesifo sikashukela

I-Mononeuropathy ingakhubaza futhi ibuhlungu. Uma imbangela yokukhubazeka kwemizwa ingatholakala futhi yelashwe ngempumelelo, ukululama okugcwele kungenzeka kwezinye izimo.

Ubuhlungu bemizwa bungase bungakhululeki futhi buhlale isikhathi eside.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukukhubazeka, ukulahleka kwezicubu zomzimba
• Imiphumela emibi yezokwelapha
• Ukulimala okuphindiwe noma okungabonwa endaweni ethintekile ngenxa yokushoda kwemizwa

Ukugwema ingcindezi noma ukulimala okubuhlungu kungavimbela izinhlobo eziningi ze-mononeuropathy. Ukwelapha izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo sikashukela nakho kwehlisa ubungozi bokuba nesimo.

Neuropathy; I-mononeuritis ehlukanisiwe

• Isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi nesistimu yezinzwa ezungezayo

I-National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke iwebhusayithi. Ishidi leqiniso lepheripheral neuropathy. www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Peripheral-Neuropathy-Fact-Sheet. Kubuyekezwe ngoMashi 16, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 20, 2020.

USmith G, Nginamahloni ME. I-peripheral neuropathies. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 392.

Iqhwa DC, iBunney EB. Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa yangaphakathi. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 97.