Indlala yegilo: ukuthi kungaba yini, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu ze-thyroid ze-nodule
• Yini izivivinyo okufanele zenziwe
• Izimpawu zokuthi isigaxa kungaba umdlavuza
• Izinhlobo ze-thyroid nodule
• Ungayiphatha kanjani i-nodule yegilo
• Ziyini izimbangela ze-thyroid nodule
• Indlela i-nodule yegilo ethinta ngayo ukukhulelwa

Isigaxa se-thyroid yisigaxa esincane esivela esifundeni sentamo futhi sivame ukuba nesibindi futhi asibonisi isizathu sokukhathazeka noma isidingo sokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi noma yisiphi isisu sihlolwe ngudokotela we-endocrinologist noma udokotela ojwayelekile ukuze aphenye imbangela.

Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ubungozi noma izimpawu zesifo esibuhlungu eziqinisekisiwe, ezidinga ukuhlolwa okuthe xaxa ukwenza ukuxilongwa komdlavuza nokuqala ukwelashwa okufanele. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu nezimpawu ezibonisa umdlavuza wegilo.

Izimpawu ze-thyroid ze-nodule

Iningi lamaqhuqhuva egilozini alibangeli zimpawu, elivezwa ngokuba khona 'kwesigaxa' entanyeni. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, amaqhubu we-thyroid angakha izimpawu ezifana ne:

• Umphimbo obuhlungu;
• Ukuvuvukala kwentamo;
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukugwinya;
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala;
• Ukuthuthumela nokwethuka;
• Ukubola noma ukulahleka kwezwi.

Lapho kukhona ukusola kokuba khona kwe-nodule ye-thyroid, kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela jikelele noma i-endocrinologist ukuze uhlolwe.

Yini izivivinyo okufanele zenziwe

Ukuxilongwa kwe-nodule ye-thyroid kwenziwa udokotela ngokuhlolwa komzimba ngokushaya kwentamo. Lapho sekukhonjwa, kucelwa ukuhlolwa kwe-laboratory, njenge-TSH, T3, T4, anti-TPO kanye ne-calcitonin, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-ultrasound kanye ne-scintigraphy yegilozi.

Kusukela emiphumeleni yezivivinyo eziceliwe, udokotela angacela ukufezekiswa kweFine Needle Aspiration Puncture (FNAP), lapho kususwa khona isampula elincane le-nodule bese lithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze lihlaziywe kanye nokuqinisekiswa kobungozi. Yazi izivivinyo ezihlola indlala yegilo.

Izimpawu zokuthi isigaxa kungaba umdlavuza

Ezinye izimpawu ezingakhombisa ukuthi isigaxa kungenzeka sibe sibi nokuthi ngumdlavuza yilapho:

• I-nodule elukhuni ngokukhula okusheshayo:
• Ubudala ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60;
• Isigaxa sinamaphethelo angajwayelekile;
• Kukhona izinguquko ezwini ezifana nokudinwa noma ukukhubazeka kwezintambo zezwi;
• Ezinye izimo zomdlavuza wegilozi emndenini;
• Umuntu usevele unokwelashwa ngemisebe esifundeni sekhanda nentamo.

Kunezifundo ezibonisa ukuthi inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-TSH likhombisa ukuthi i-nodule ingaba yingozi, kepha abantu abaningi abatholakale benomdlavuza we-thyroid abakaze babe nezinguquko ekuhlolweni kwegazi noma ku-biopsy, bathola kuphela ngemuva kokuhlaziywa okwenziwe ngemuva kokukhipha i-nodule.

Lapho lowo muntu ene-nodule eyodwa kuphela efinyelela ku-1 cm ububanzi, inqobo nje uma ingeyona ingozi, udokotela kungenzeka angakhombisi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa, akhombise kuphela ukusebenza kwe-ultrasound yegciwane lonyaka kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Izinhlobo ze-thyroid nodule

Lapho kukhonjwa i-nodule ku-thyroid, ukuhlukaniswa kwayo kufanele kuhlolwe nge-Doppler ultrasonography ukunquma ukuthi ayinabungozi yini, iyingozi futhi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingayamukela. Ukuhlukaniswa kungenziwa:

Isazi se-endocrinologist futhi singabeka i-nodule yegilo njenge:

• I-Hypoechogenic: isisindo esincane kakhulu kunethambo, ngakho-ke, i-nodule ingagcwala uketshezi noma umoya;
• Isoechogenic: isisindo esiqinile ngobuningi obufanayo nethambo futhi okujwayele ukuba nokuma okuyindilinga;
• I-Hyperechogenic: isisindo ngobuningi obukhulu kunethambo, okungakhombisa i-nodule ye-thyroid nge-calcification.

Amaqhuqhuva ane-vascularization emaphakathi kungenzeka abe yizicubu ezimbi.

Ungayiphatha kanjani i-nodule yegilo

Ukwelashwa kusetshenziswa kuphela lapho umuntu enezimpawu, lapho kunengozi yokuba nomdlavuza wegilo noma lapho i-nodule ingaphezu kuka-3 cm. Imithi esetshenziswa kakhulu ibandakanya:

• Ukuhlinzwa: isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kumaqhuqhuva amakhulu kuno-3 cm futhi ezimweni ze-nodule ebulalayo ukususa wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kepha futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha amaqhuqhuva anobungozi lapho edala ubunzima ekuphefumuleni noma ekugwinyeni, ngoba makhulu kakhulu. Funda konke ngokuhlinzwa ukuze ususe i-nodule yegilo.
• Izixazululo ze-Levothyroxine, njenge-Synthroid noma i-Levoid: isetshenziswe esimweni samaqhuqhuva enza ushintsho kumahomoni, abangele i-hypothyroidism.

Ngemuva kokwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa, kungadingeka ukwenzelwa ukufaka ama-hormone nokuthola ukubonisana okuvamile, okungenani kabili ngonyaka, kudokotela we-endocrinologist.

Bona ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani futhi uzelaphe izinkinga ze-thyroid kuvidiyo elandelayo:

Ziyini izimbangela ze-thyroid nodule

Izimbangela azikaziwa ngokugcwele, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi abesifazane yibo abathinteka kakhulu nokuthi labo abanabanye abantu emndenini abaneqhubu lendlala kungenzeka babe nezigaxa ezinjengalezi.

Indlela i-nodule yegilo ethinta ngayo ukukhulelwa

Owesifazane onesigaxa kule ndlala akanankinga yokukhulelwa njengabanye. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwesigaxa ku-thyroid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungadala ushintsho ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone futhi, uma lokhu kwenzeka, owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele athathe imithi esiza ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-thyroid, evimbela ingane ukuthi izalwe ilibazisekile ukukhula ngokomzimba noma kwengqondo, isibonelo.