Indlala yegilo: ukuthi kungaba yini, izimpawu nokwelashwa
-Delile
- Izimpawu ze-thyroid ze-nodule
- Yini izivivinyo okufanele zenziwe
- Izimpawu zokuthi isigaxa kungaba umdlavuza
- Izinhlobo ze-thyroid nodule
- Ungayiphatha kanjani i-nodule yegilo
- Ziyini izimbangela ze-thyroid nodule
- Indlela i-nodule yegilo ethinta ngayo ukukhulelwa
Isigaxa se-thyroid yisigaxa esincane esivela esifundeni sentamo futhi sivame ukuba nesibindi futhi asibonisi isizathu sokukhathazeka noma isidingo sokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi noma yisiphi isisu sihlolwe ngudokotela we-endocrinologist noma udokotela ojwayelekile ukuze aphenye imbangela.
Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ubungozi noma izimpawu zesifo esibuhlungu eziqinisekisiwe, ezidinga ukuhlolwa okuthe xaxa ukwenza ukuxilongwa komdlavuza nokuqala ukwelashwa okufanele. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu nezimpawu ezibonisa umdlavuza wegilo.
Izimpawu ze-thyroid ze-nodule
Iningi lamaqhuqhuva egilozini alibangeli zimpawu, elivezwa ngokuba khona 'kwesigaxa' entanyeni. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, amaqhubu we-thyroid angakha izimpawu ezifana ne:
- Umphimbo obuhlungu;
- Ukuvuvukala kwentamo;
- Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukugwinya;
- Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala;
- Ukuthuthumela nokwethuka;
- Ukubola noma ukulahleka kwezwi.
Lapho kukhona ukusola kokuba khona kwe-nodule ye-thyroid, kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela jikelele noma i-endocrinologist ukuze uhlolwe.
Yini izivivinyo okufanele zenziwe
Ukuxilongwa kwe-nodule ye-thyroid kwenziwa udokotela ngokuhlolwa komzimba ngokushaya kwentamo. Lapho sekukhonjwa, kucelwa ukuhlolwa kwe-laboratory, njenge-TSH, T3, T4, anti-TPO kanye ne-calcitonin, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-ultrasound kanye ne-scintigraphy yegilozi.
Kusukela emiphumeleni yezivivinyo eziceliwe, udokotela angacela ukufezekiswa kweFine Needle Aspiration Puncture (FNAP), lapho kususwa khona isampula elincane le-nodule bese lithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze lihlaziywe kanye nokuqinisekiswa kobungozi. Yazi izivivinyo ezihlola indlala yegilo.
Izimpawu zokuthi isigaxa kungaba umdlavuza
Ezinye izimpawu ezingakhombisa ukuthi isigaxa kungenzeka sibe sibi nokuthi ngumdlavuza yilapho:
- I-nodule elukhuni ngokukhula okusheshayo:
- Ubudala ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60;
- Isigaxa sinamaphethelo angajwayelekile;
- Kukhona izinguquko ezwini ezifana nokudinwa noma ukukhubazeka kwezintambo zezwi;
- Ezinye izimo zomdlavuza wegilozi emndenini;
- Umuntu usevele unokwelashwa ngemisebe esifundeni sekhanda nentamo.
Kunezifundo ezibonisa ukuthi inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-TSH likhombisa ukuthi i-nodule ingaba yingozi, kepha abantu abaningi abatholakale benomdlavuza we-thyroid abakaze babe nezinguquko ekuhlolweni kwegazi noma ku-biopsy, bathola kuphela ngemuva kokuhlaziywa okwenziwe ngemuva kokukhipha i-nodule.
Lapho lowo muntu ene-nodule eyodwa kuphela efinyelela ku-1 cm ububanzi, inqobo nje uma ingeyona ingozi, udokotela kungenzeka angakhombisi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa, akhombise kuphela ukusebenza kwe-ultrasound yegciwane lonyaka kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi.
Izinhlobo ze-thyroid nodule
Lapho kukhonjwa i-nodule ku-thyroid, ukuhlukaniswa kwayo kufanele kuhlolwe nge-Doppler ultrasonography ukunquma ukuthi ayinabungozi yini, iyingozi futhi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingayamukela. Ukuhlukaniswa kungenziwa:
| Ngokusho kukaLagalla et al | Ngokusho kukaChammas et al |
| Thayipha I: Ukungabikho kwe-vascularization | Okujwayelekile IUkungabikho kwe-vascularization |
| Uhlobo II: I-Perinodular vascularization | Okujwayelekile II: I-peripheral vascularization kuphela |
| Uhlobo III: I-Peri ne-intranodular vascularization | Okujwayelekile III: I-peripheral vascularization enkulu kune noma elingana nendawo emaphakathi |
| --- | Okujwayelekile IV: I-vascularization emaphakathi enkulu kune-peripheral |
| --- | Okujwayelekile V: I-vascularization emaphakathi kuphela |
Isazi se-endocrinologist futhi singabeka i-nodule yegilo njenge:
- I-Hypoechogenic: isisindo esincane kakhulu kunethambo, ngakho-ke, i-nodule ingagcwala uketshezi noma umoya;
- Isoechogenic: isisindo esiqinile ngobuningi obufanayo nethambo futhi okujwayele ukuba nokuma okuyindilinga;
- I-Hyperechogenic: isisindo ngobuningi obukhulu kunethambo, okungakhombisa i-nodule ye-thyroid nge-calcification.
Amaqhuqhuva ane-vascularization emaphakathi kungenzeka abe yizicubu ezimbi.
Ungayiphatha kanjani i-nodule yegilo
Ukwelashwa kusetshenziswa kuphela lapho umuntu enezimpawu, lapho kunengozi yokuba nomdlavuza wegilo noma lapho i-nodule ingaphezu kuka-3 cm. Imithi esetshenziswa kakhulu ibandakanya:
- Ukuhlinzwa: isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kumaqhuqhuva amakhulu kuno-3 cm futhi ezimweni ze-nodule ebulalayo ukususa wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kepha futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha amaqhuqhuva anobungozi lapho edala ubunzima ekuphefumuleni noma ekugwinyeni, ngoba makhulu kakhulu. Funda konke ngokuhlinzwa ukuze ususe i-nodule yegilo.
- Izixazululo ze-Levothyroxine, njenge-Synthroid noma i-Levoid: isetshenziswe esimweni samaqhuqhuva enza ushintsho kumahomoni, abangele i-hypothyroidism.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa, kungadingeka ukwenzelwa ukufaka ama-hormone nokuthola ukubonisana okuvamile, okungenani kabili ngonyaka, kudokotela we-endocrinologist.
Bona ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani futhi uzelaphe izinkinga ze-thyroid kuvidiyo elandelayo:
Ziyini izimbangela ze-thyroid nodule
Izimbangela azikaziwa ngokugcwele, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi abesifazane yibo abathinteka kakhulu nokuthi labo abanabanye abantu emndenini abaneqhubu lendlala kungenzeka babe nezigaxa ezinjengalezi.
Indlela i-nodule yegilo ethinta ngayo ukukhulelwa
Owesifazane onesigaxa kule ndlala akanankinga yokukhulelwa njengabanye. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwesigaxa ku-thyroid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungadala ushintsho ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone futhi, uma lokhu kwenzeka, owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele athathe imithi esiza ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-thyroid, evimbela ingane ukuthi izalwe ilibazisekile ukukhula ngokomzimba noma kwengqondo, isibonelo.
Imibhalo Ethandekayo
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