Ukungezwani komzimba

Ukungezwani komzimba nokuphendula komzimba noma ukusabela ezintweni ngokuvamile ezingeyona ingozi.

Ukungezwani komzimba kuvame kakhulu. Kokubili izakhi zofuzo nemvelo kudlala indima. Uma bobabili abazali bakho benenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, maningi amathuba okuthi nawe unazo.

Amasosha omzimba ngokujwayelekile avikela umzimba ezintweni eziyingozi, njengamagciwane namagciwane. Iphinde iphendule ezintweni zangaphandle ezibizwa ngama-allergen. Lokhu ngokuvamile akunangozi futhi kubantu abaningi akubangeli inkinga.

Kumuntu onenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, ukuphendula komzimba kuyazwela. Lapho ibona ukuthi i-allergen iyini, amasosha omzimba aqala impendulo. Amakhemikhali anjenge-histamines akhishwa. Lawa makhemikhali abangela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.

Ama-allergen ajwayelekile afaka:

• Izidakamizwa
• Uthuli
• Ukudla
• Ubuhlungu bezinambuzane
• Isikhunta
• Isilwanyane nezinye izilwane ezizulazulile
• Impova

Abanye abantu banezinkinga ezifana nokungezwani komzimba nokushisa okushisayo noma okubandayo, ukukhanya kwelanga, noma ezinye izimbangela zemvelo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukungqubuzana (ukuxubha noma ukuphulula isikhumba) kungadala izimpawu.

Ukungezwani komzimba kungenza izimo ezithile zezokwelapha, njengezinkinga zesinus, i-eczema, ne-asthma, zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Kakhulu, ingxenye yomzimba ethintwa yi-allergen ithinta ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ozihlakulelayo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ama-Allergen ophefumula kuwo avame ukudala ikhala eligobekile, ikhala elilumayo nomphimbo, amafinyila, ukukhwehlela, nokuhefuzela.
• Ama-Allergen athinta amehlo angadala ukulunywa, amanzi, abomvu, nokuvuvukala kwamehlo.
• Ukudla okuthile okwaliwa yilesi sifo kungadala isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa, uhudo, noma ukusabela okunzima okusongela impilo.
• Ama-Allergen athinta isikhumba angadala ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, isifuba, ukulunywa, amabhamuza noma ukuxebuka kwesikhumba.
• Ukungezwani nezidakamizwa ngokuvamile kuhilela umzimba wonke futhi kungaholela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezimpawu.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukungezwani komzimba kungadala impendulo ebandakanya umzimba wonke.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba abuze imibuzo, njengokuthi kwenzeka yini ukungezwani komzimba nokwenzeka.

Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba kungadingeka ukuthola ukuthi ngabe izimpawu ziyizinto ezingezwani neze komzimba noma zibangelwa ezinye izinkinga. Isibonelo, ukudla ukudla okungcolile (ukudla okunobuthi) kungadala izimpawu ezifana nokungezwani kokudla. Eminye imishanguzo (njenge-aspirin ne-ampicillin) ingaveza ukungezwani komzimba, okubandakanya ukuqubuka. Ikhala eligobayo noma ukukhwehlela kungenzeka kube ngenxa yokutheleleka.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba:

• Ukuhlolwa okuhlaba umxhwele kubandakanya ukufaka inani elincane lezinto ezisolwayo ezibanga ukungezwani komzimba esikhunjeni, bese ubamba indawo kancane ukuze into ihambe ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Isikhumba sibhekelwa ngeso lokhozi izimpawu zokuphendula, okubandakanya ukuvuvukala nokubomvu.
• Isivivinyo se-intradermal sihilela ukujova inani elincane le-allergen ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, bese ubuka isikhumba ukuze siphendule.
• Kokubili ukuhlolwa kwe-prick ne-intradermal kufundwe imizuzu eyi-15 ngemuva kokufakwa kokuhlolwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-patch kubandakanya ukufaka isichibi ne-allergen okusolwayo esikhunjeni sakho. Isikhumba bese sibhekelwa eduze ukuze kutholakale izimpawu zokuphendula. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukungezwani komzimba nokuxhumana. Imvamisa ifundwa emahoreni angama-48 kuye kwangama-72 ngemuva kokufakwa kokuhlolwa.

Udokotela angahlola futhi ukusabela kwakho ezintweni ezibangela umzimba ngokusebenzisa ukushisa, ukubanda, noma okunye ukuvuselela emzimbeni wakho nokubuka impendulo yokungezwani komzimba.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• I-Immunoglobulin E (IgE), ekala amazinga wezinto ezihlobene nokungezwani komzimba
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (i-CBC) lapho kwenziwa khona ukubalwa kwamaseli amhlophe eosinophil

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angakutshela ukuthi ugweme izinto ezithile ukuze ubone ukuthi ungcono yini, noma usebenzise izinto ezisolwayo ukubona ukuthi uzizwa kabi yini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa kokusebenzisa noma kokuqeda." Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubheka ukungezwani kokudla noma kwemithi.

Ukusabela okweqile komzimba (i-anaphylaxis) kudinga ukwelashwa ngomuthi obizwa nge-epinephrine. Kungasindisa impilo uma unikezwa khona manjalo. Uma usebenzisa i-epinephrine, shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo bese uya ngqo esibhedlela.

Indlela engcono yokunciphisa izimpawu ukugwema ukuthi yini ebangela ukungezwani komzimba kwakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nokwaliwa ukudla nezidakamizwa.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokuvikela nokwelapha ukungezwani komzimba nomzimba. Imuphi umuthi onconyelwa udokotela wakho kuya ngohlobo nobukhulu bezimpawu zakho, iminyaka yakho nempilo yonke.

Izifo ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba (nesifuba somoya, i-hay fever, ne-eczema) zingadinga ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa.

Imithi engasetshenziswa ukwelapha ukungezwani komzimba ihlanganisa:

ANTIHISTAMINES

Ama-antihistamine atholakala ekhawunteni nangemithi kadokotela. Atholakala ngezindlela eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• Amaphilisi namaphilisi
• Amaconsi wamehlo
• Ukujova
• Uketshezi
• Isifutho sekhala

I-CORTICOSTEROIDS

Le yimithi elwa nokuvuvukala. Atholakala ngezindlela eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• Okhilimu namafutha esikhumba
• Amaconsi wamehlo
• Isifutho sekhala
• I-Lung inhaler
• Amaphilisi
• Ukujova

Abantu abanezimpawu ezinzima zomzimba bangabekwa amaphilisi noma imijovo ye-corticosteroid isikhathi esifushane.

AMAQEMBU OKUQALA

Ama-decongestants asiza ukukhulula ikhala eligcwele. Ungayisebenzisi i-decongestant acinene spray isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngoba ingadala umphumela wokuphindaphinda futhi yenze ukuminyana kube kubi kakhulu. Ama-decongestants asefomini lephilisi awabangeli le nkinga. Abantu abanengcindezi ephezulu yegazi, izinkinga zenhliziyo, noma ukukhulisa i-prostate kufanele basebenzise ama-decongestants ngokuqapha.

EMINYE IMITHI

I-Leukotriene inhibitors yimithi evimba izinto ezidala ukungezwani komzimba. Abantu abane-asthma kanye ne-allergies yangaphakathi nangaphandle bangabekelwa le mithi.

UKUDLULISWA KWE-ALERGY

Ukudubula kokungezwani komzimba (i-immunotherapy) kwesinye isikhathi kunconywa uma ungakwazi ukugwema i-allergen futhi izimpawu zakho kunzima ukuzilawula. Ukudubula kokungezwani komzimba kugcina umzimba wakho ungasabeli ngokweqile ku-allergen. Uzothola imijovo ejwayelekile ye-allergen. Umthamo ngamunye mkhulu kancane kunomthamo wokugcina kuze kufike umthamo omkhulu. Lokhu kudutshulwa akusebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu futhi kuzofanele uvakashele udokotela kaningi.

UKWELASHWA KWE-SUNLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY (SLIT)

Esikhundleni sokudutshulwa, umuthi ofakwa ngaphansi kolimi ungasiza ngotshani, i-ragweed, kanye ne-allergies yokungezwani komzimba.

Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ama-asthma namaqembu okusekela ukungezwani komzimba endaweni yangakini.

Iningi lokungezwani komzimba nelashwa kalula ngomuthi.

Ezinye izingane zingaphuma emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ukungezwani kokudla. Kepha uma into ethile isibangele ukusabela okweqile, imvamisa iyaqhubeka nokuthinta umuntu.

Ukudubula kokungezwani komzimba kuyasebenza kakhulu lapho kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-hay fever kanye ne-allergies sting allergies. Azisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukungezwani kokudla ngenxa yengozi yokuphendula okunzima.

Ukudubula komzimba kungadinga iminyaka yokwelashwa, kepha kuyasebenza ezimweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, zingadala imiphumela emibi engathandeki (enjenge-hives kanye ne-rash) nemiphumela eyingozi (njenge-anaphylaxis). Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ukuthi ngabe ukungezwani komzimba (SLIT) kulungile yini kuwe.

Izinkinga ezingabangelwa ukungezwani komzimba noma ukwelashwa kwazo zifaka:

• I-Anaphylaxis (ukusabela komzimba okusongela impilo)
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula nokungakhululeki ngesikhathi sokuphendula okweqile
• Ukozela neminye imiphumela emibi yemithi

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Izimpawu ezinzima zokungezwani komzimba zenzeka
• Ukwelashwa kwama-allergies akusasebenzi

Ukuncelisa ibele kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekunciphiseni ukungezwani komzimba lapho uncelisa izingane ngale ndlela izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisithupha. Kodwa-ke, ukuguqula ukudla kukamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngenkathi uncelisa akubonakali kusiza ukuvimbela ukungezwani komzimba.

Ezinganeni eziningi, ukushintsha indlela yokudla noma ukusebenzisa amafomula akhethekile akubonakali kuvimbela ukungezwani komzimba. Uma umzali, umfowenu, udadewenu, noma elinye ilungu lomndeni linomlando we-eczema kanye ne-allergies, xoxa ngokudla nodokotela wengane yakho.

Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi ukuvezwa kwezifo ezithile (njengezintuli ezibangwa uthuli kanye nekati dander) ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kungavimbela ukungezwani komzimba okuthile. Lokhu kubizwa nge- "hygiene hypothesis." Kuqhamuke ekuqapheleni ukuthi izinsana emapulazini zivame ukuba nokungezwani komzimba okuncane kunalezo ezikhula ezindaweni eziyinyumba kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezindala zibonakala zingasizakali.

Uma ukungezwani komzimba sekuthuthukile, ukwelapha ukungezwani komzimba nokugwema ngokucophelela izimbangela zokungezwani komzimba nakho kungavimbela ukusabela esikhathini esizayo.

Yokungezwani komzimba - komzimba; Ukungezwani komzimba - izinto ezingezwani nomzimba

• I-allergen rhinitis - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho - umuntu omdala
• I-allergen rhinitis - okufanele ubuze udokotela - ingane yakho
• Isifuba somoya - izidakamizwa zokusiza ngokushesha

• Ukusabela okweqile
• Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba
• Kukhululwa umlando
• Isingeniso sokwelapha ukwelashwa
• Isifuba (urticaria) engalweni
• Isifuba (urticaria) esifubeni
• Ukungezwani komzimba
• Amasosha omzimba

I-Chiriac AM, i-Bousquet J, i-Demoly P. Ngezindlela ze-vivo zokutadisha nokuxilongwa kokungezwani komzimba. Ku: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, Broide DH, et al, ama-eds. Ukungezwani komzimba noMiddleton: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 67.

I-Custovic A, Tovey E. Isilawuli se-Allergen sokuvikela nokuphathwa kwezifo ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba. Ku: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, Broide DH, et al, ama-eds. Ukungezwani komzimba noMiddleton: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 84.

UNadeau KC. Sondela esigulini esine-allergen noma isifo se-immunologic. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 235.

I-Wallace DV, i-Dykewicz MS, i-Oppenheimer J, iPortnoy JM, iLang DM. Ukwelashwa kwe-Pharmacologic ye-allergen rhinitis yesikhathi sonyaka: amazwibela wokuqondiswa okuvela eqenjini elihlangene le-2017 kumapharamitha wokuzijwayeza. U-Ann Intern Med. 2017; 167 (12): 876-881. I-PMID: 29181536 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29181536/.