Ukungezwani nezidakamizwa

Ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa yiqembu lezimpawu ezibangelwa ukusabela okweqile komuthi (umuthi).

Ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa kubandakanya ukuphendula komzimba emzimbeni okhiqiza ukusabela okweqile komuthi.

Isikhathi sokuqala lapho uphuza umuthi, ungahle ungabi nezinkinga. Kepha, amasosha omzimba wakho angaveza into (i-antibody) emelene nalowo muthi. Ngokuzayo lapho uphuza umuthi, i-antibody ingatshela amaseli akho amhlophe egazi ukuthi enze ikhemikhali elibizwa nge-histamine. Ama-histamines namanye amakhemikhali abangela izimpawu zakho zokungezwani komzimba.

Izidakamizwa ezivamile ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba zifaka:

• Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuquleka
• I-insulin (ikakhulukazi imithombo yezilwane ye-insulin)
• Izinto eziqukethe iodine, ezinjengamadayi wokuqhathanisa we-x-ray (lokhu kungadala ukusabela okufana nokungezwani komzimba)
• I-penicillin kanye nama-antibiotics ahlobene
• Izidakamizwa zeSulfa

Imiphumela emibi eminingi yezidakamizwa ayibangelwa ukusabela okweqile okubangelwa ukwakhiwa kwama-antibodies e-IgE. Isibonelo, i-aspirin ingadala isifuba noma ibangele isifuba somoya ngaphandle kokubandakanya amasosha omzimba. Abantu abaningi badida umthelela ongemuhle, kepha hhayi omkhulu, womuthi (onjengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo) nokungezwani nezidakamizwa.

Ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa eziningi kubangela ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okuncane nezindleke. Lezi zimpawu zingavela khona manjalo noma amahora ngemuva kokuthola umuthi. Ukugula kweSerum wuhlobo lokuphuza lokuphendula olwenzeka ngesonto noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokuvezwa umuthi noma umuthi wokugoma.

Izimpawu ezivamile zokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa zifaka:

• Isifuba
• Ukulunywa kwesikhumba noma kwamehlo (okuvamile)
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba (okuvamile)
• Ukuvuvukala kwezindebe, ulimi, noma ubuso
• Ukuqhuma

Izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuqunjelwa
• Ukudideka
• Uhudo
• Kunzima ukuphefumula ngezwi elihhahazayo noma elihoshozelayo
• Isiyezi
• Ukuquleka, ikhanda elikhanyayo
• Isifuba ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza
• Ukushaya ngamandla okusheshayo
• Ukuzwa kokuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo (ukushaya kwenhliziyo)

Ukuhlolwa kungakhombisa:

• Nciphisa umfutho wegazi
• Isifuba
• I-Rash
• Ukuvuvukala kwezindebe, ubuso, noma ulimi (angioedema)
• Ukuqhuma

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kungasiza ukuxilonga ukungezwani komzimba nemithi yohlobo lwe-penicillin. Azikho izivivinyo ezinhle zesikhumba noma zegazi ukusiza ukuxilonga ezinye izifo zomzimba.

Uma ngabe uke waba nezimpawu ezifana nokungezwani komzimba ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi noma ukuthola umehluko (udayi) ngaphambi kokuthola i-x-ray, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzohlala ekutshela ukuthi lokhu kungubufakazi bokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa. Awudingi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Umgomo wokwelashwa ukukhulula izimpawu nokuvimbela ukusabela okunzima.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ama-antihistamine wokuqeda izimpawu ezimnene ezifana nokuqubuka, isifuba kanye nokunwaya
• Ama-bronchodilator afana ne-albuterol ukunciphisa izimpawu ezifana ne-asthma (ukushaya okulinganiselayo noma ukukhwehlela)
• ICorticosteroids isetshenziswa esikhumbeni, inikezwe ngomlomo, noma inikezwe ngomthambo (ngemithambo yegazi)
• I-Epinephrine ngomjovo welapha i-anaphylaxis

Umuthi owonayo kanye nezidakamizwa ezifanayo kufanele kugwenywe. Qiniseka ukuthi bonke abahlinzeki bakho - kufaka phakathi odokotela bamazinyo nabasebenzi basesibhedlela - bazi nganoma yikuphi ukwaliwa yizidakamizwa wena noma izingane zakho onakho.

Kwezinye izimo, i-penicillin (noma esinye isidakamizwa) yokungezwani komzimba iphendula ukungafuneki. Le ndlela yokwelashwa ifaka ukunikezwa imithamo emincane kakhulu ekuqaleni, ilandelwe imithamo emikhulu nemikhulu yomuthi wokuthuthukisa ukubekezelela kwakho umuthi. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe kuphela ngumuntu ongezwani nokwelashwa komzimba, lapho singekho esinye isidakamizwa ongasiphuza.

Imithi eminingi yokwaliwa yizidakamizwa iyasabela ekwelashweni. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, zingaholela esifuba somoya, i-anaphylaxis, noma ukufa.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uthatha umuthi futhi kubonakala sengathi uphendula kuwo.

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo (efana ne-911) uma unenkinga yokuphefumula noma uba nezinye izimpawu zesifo somoya noma i-anaphylaxis. Lezi yizimo eziphuthumayo.

Ngokuvamile ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa.

Uma une-allergies eyaziwayo yezidakamizwa, ukugwema lesi sidakamizwa kuyindlela engcono yokuvimbela ukusabela okweqile. Ungatshelwa futhi ukuthi ugweme imithi efanayo.

Kwezinye izimo, umhlinzeki angavuma ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa esibangela ukungezwani komzimba uma uqala ukwelashwa ngemithi eyehlisa noma evimba ukuphendula komzimba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-corticosteroids (efana ne-prednisone) nama-antihistamine. Ungazami lokhu ngaphandle kokuqondisa komhlinzeki. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili ngama-corticosteroids nama-antihistamine kukhonjisiwe ukuvimbela ukusabela okweqile kubantu abadinga ukuthola udayi wokuqhathanisa we-x-ray.

Umhlinzeki wakho futhi angancoma ukungafuneki.

Ukusabela okweqile - isidakamizwa (imithi); Ukuzwela ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa; Imithi hypersensitivity

• I-Anaphylaxis
• Isifuba
• Ukungezwani komzimba nemithi
• Dermatitis - oxhumana naye
• Dermatitis - pustular oxhumana naye
• Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa - Tegretol
• Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa okungaguquki
• Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa okungaguquki - inkunzi
• Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa okungaguquki esihlathini
• Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa emhlane
• Amasosha omzimba

IBarkdale AN, uMuelleman RL. Ukungezwani komzimba, i-hypersensitivity, ne-anaphylaxis. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 109.

I-Grammer LC. Ukungezwani nezidakamizwa. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 239.

USolensky R, uPhillips EJ. Ukungezwani nezidakamizwa. Ku: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, ama-eds. Ukungezwani komzimba noMiddleton: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 77.