Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kanye nengozi yomdlavuza wakho

Izakhi zofuzo ezisemangqamuzaneni ethu zidlala indima ebalulekile. Zithinta izinwele nombala wamehlo nezinye izici ezidluliselwe zisuka kumzali ziye enganeni. Izakhi zofuzo zibuye zitshele amaseli ukuthi enze amaprotheni okusiza ukusebenza komzimba.

Umdlavuza wenzeka lapho amangqamuzana eqala ukusebenza ngokungajwayelekile. Umzimba wethu unezakhi zofuzo ezivimbela ukukhula kwamangqamuzana ngokushesha nezimila ekwakheni. Izinguquko zofuzo (ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo) zivumela amaseli ukuthi ahlukane ngokushesha futhi ahlale esebenza. Lokhu kuholela ekukhuleni komdlavuza nezimila. Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungaba umphumela wokulimala emzimbeni noma okuthile okudluliselwe kuzakhi zofuzo emndenini wakho.

Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungakusiza ukuthola ukuthi ngabe unoshintsho olungaholela kumdlavuza noma olungathinta amanye amalungu emndenini wakho. Funda ukuthi imiphi imidlavuza enokuhlolwa okutholakalayo, ukuthi imiphumela isho ukuthini, nezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Namuhla, siyazazi izinguquko ezithile zofuzo ezingadala umdlavuza ongaphezu kwama-50, futhi ulwazi luyakhula.

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okukodwa kungahle kuboshelwe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zomdlavuza, hhayi okukodwa nje.

• Isibonelo, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ku-BRCA1 naku-BRCA2 kuxhunyaniswa nomdlavuza webele, umdlavuza we-ovari, neminye imidlavuza eminingi, kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Cishe uhhafu wabesifazane abazuza i-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2 izinguquko zofuzo bazoba nomdlavuza webele lapho beneminyaka engama-70.
• Ama-polyps noma ukukhula emgqeni wekholoni noma i-rectum kungaxhunyaniswa nomdlavuza futhi kwesinye isikhathi kungaba yingxenye yesifo esizuzwe njengefa.

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuxhunyaniswe nale mikhamo elandelayo:

• Isifuba (owesilisa nowesifazane)
• Ovarian
• Indlala yesinye
• I-Pancreatic
• Ithambo
• Umdlavuza wegazi
• Indlala Adrenal
• Indlala yegilo
• Endometrium
• Okuhle
• Amathumbu amancane
• I-pelvis yezinso
• Isibindi noma ipheshana le-biliary
• Isisu
• Ubuchopho
• Iso
• I-Melanoma
• I-Parathyroid
• Indlala yamapayipi
• Izinso

Izimpawu zokuthi umdlavuza ungaba nezimbangela zofuzo zifaka:

• Umdlavuza otholakala usemncane kuneminyaka ejwayelekile
• Izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza kumuntu ofanayo
• Umdlavuza okhula ezithweni zombili ezibhanqiwe, njengamabili amabele noma izinso
• Izihlobo eziningana zegazi ezinohlobo olufanayo lomdlavuza
• Izimo ezingajwayelekile zohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza webele endodeni
• Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okuxhunyaniswe nomdlavuza othile ozuzwe njengefa
• Ukuba yingxenye yeqembu lobuhlanga noma lobuzwe elinengozi enkulu yomdlavuza othile kanye nokukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okungenhla

Ungaqala uhlolwe ukuthola ukuthi ubungozi obungakanani. Umeluleki wezofuzo uzoku-oda ukuhlolwa ngemuva kokukhuluma nawe ngempilo nezidingo zakho. Abeluleki bezofuzo baqeqeshelwe ukukwazisa ngaphandle kokuzama ukuqondisa isinqumo sakho. Ngaleyo ndlela unganquma ukuthi ukuhlolwa kukulungele yini.

Ukuhlola kusebenza kanjani:

• Igazi, amathe, amangqamuzana esikhumba, noma i-amniotic fluid (ezungeze umbungu okhulayo) ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa.
• Amasampula athunyelwa ebhodini eligxile ekuhlolweni kwezofuzo. Kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ukuthola imiphumela.
• Lapho usuthole imiphumela, uzokhuluma nomeluleki wezofuzo mayelana nokuthi zingasho ukuthini kuwe.

Ngenkathi ukwazi uku-oda wedwa ukuhlolwa, kuwumqondo omuhle ukusebenza nomeluleki wezofuzo. Bangakusiza uqonde izinzuzo nemikhawulo yemiphumela yakho, nezenzo ezingenzeka. Futhi, bangakusiza uqonde ukuthi kungasho ukuthini kumalungu omndeni, futhi ubeluleke futhi.

Uzodinga ukusayina ifomu lokuvuma unolwazi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlola kungakwazi ukukutshela uma unokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuxhunyaniswe neqembu lomdlavuza. Umphumela omuhle usho ukuthi unengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola lawo mdlavuza.

Kodwa-ke, umphumela omuhle awusho ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza. Izakhi zofuzo ziyinkimbinkimbi. Isakhi sofuzo esifanayo singathinta umuntu oyedwa ngokuhlukile komunye.

Vele, imiphumela emibi ayisho ukuthi awusoze waba nomdlavuza. Ungahle ungabi sengozini ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo zakho, kepha usengaba nomdlavuza ovela kwesinye isizathu.

Imiphumela yakho ingahle ingabi lula njengokuthi ibe mihle futhi ibe mibi. Isivivinyo singathola ukuguquka kwesakhi sofuzo ochwepheshe abangazange basibone njengengozi yomdlavuza kuleli phuzu. Ungaba futhi nomlando oqinile womndeni womdlavuza othile nomphumela omubi wokushintshwa kofuzo. Umeluleki wakho wezofuzo uzochaza lezi zinhlobo zemiphumela.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kube nokunye ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okungakakhonjwa. Ungahlolwa kuphela ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo esazi ngakho namuhla. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nokwenza ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kufundise futhi kunembe ngokwengeziwe.

Ukunquma ukuthi uzohlolwa yini ulibofuzo kuyisinqumo sakho. Ungahle uthande ukucubungula ukuhlolwa kofuzo uma:

• Unezihlobo eziseduze (umama, ubaba, odadewenu, abafowethu, izingane) eziye zaba nohlobo olufanayo lomdlavuza.
• Abantu emndenini wakho banomdlavuza oxhumene nokuguqulwa kofuzo, njengomdlavuza webele noma we-ovari.
• Amalungu akho omndeni abenomdlavuza esemncane kunejwayelekile kunalolo hlobo lomdlavuza.
• Ube nemiphumela yokuhlolwa umdlavuza engahle ikhombe izimbangela zofuzo.
• Amalungu omndeni ahlolwe ngofuzo futhi abe nomphumela omuhle.

Ukuhlola kungenziwa kubantu abadala, ezinganeni, ngisho nasembungwini okhulayo nombungu.

Imininingwane oyithola ekuhlolweni kofuzo ingakusiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo zakho zezempilo kanye nendlela okhetha ngayo impilo yakho. Kunezinzuzo ezithile zokwazi uma uphethe ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Ungakwazi ukwehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza noma ukuwuvimbela ngo:

• Ukuhlinzwa.
• Ukushintsha indlela ophila ngayo.
• Ukuqala ukuhlolwa komdlavuza. Lokhu kungakusiza ukubamba umdlavuza kusenesikhathi, lapho ungelashwa kalula.

Uma usuvele unomdlavuza, ukuhlolwa kungasiza ekuqondiseni ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe.

Uma ucabanga ngokuhlola, nayi eminye imibuzo ongafuna ukuyibuza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma umeluleki wofuzo:

• Ingabe ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungifanele?
• Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuzokwenziwa? Kunembe kangakanani ukuhlolwa?
• Ngabe imiphumela izongisiza?
• Izimpendulo zingangithinta kanjani ngokomzwelo?
• Buyini ubungozi bokudlulisela ushintsho ezinganeni zami?
• Imininingwane izothinta kanjani izihlobo zami kanye nobudlelwano?
• Ingabe ulwazi luyimfihlo?
• Ngubani ozokwazi ukuthola ulwazi?
• Ngubani ozokhokhela ukuhlolwa (okungabiza izinkulungwane zamaRandi)?

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, qiniseka ukuthi uyayiqonda inqubo nokuthi imiphumela ingasho ukuthini kuwe nasemndenini wakho.

Kufanele ushayele umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Bacabangela ukuhlolwa kofuzo
• Ngingathanda ukuxoxa ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kofuzo

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo; Izakhi zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa; Ukuhlolwa kofuzo - umdlavuza

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Cancer Society. Ukuqonda ukuhlolwa kofuzo komdlavuza. www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/genetics/understanding-genetic-testing-for-cancer.html. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Ephreli 10, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 6, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukuguqulwa kwe-BRCA: ingozi yomdlavuza nokuhlolwa kofuzo. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet. Kubuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 30, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 6, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kwama-syndromes womdlavuza. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/genetic-testing-fact-sheet. Kubuyekezwe ngoMashi 15, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 6, 2020.

UWalsh MF, uCadoo K, uSalo-Mullen EE, uDubard-GaultM, uStadler ZK, u-Offit K. Izici zofuzo: umdlavuza oyifa lokuqalwa kwama-syndromes. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 13.

• Umdlavuza
• Ukuhlolwa Kofuzo