I-Tularemia

I-Tularemia ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kumagundane asendle. Ama-bacteria adluliselwa kubantu ngokuthintana nezicubu ezivela esilwaneni esinegciwane. Amagciwane nawo angadluliselwa ngemikhaza, izimpukane ezilumayo nomiyane.

I-Tularemia ibangelwa yigciwane UFrancisella tularensis.

Abantu bangasithola lesi sifo ngokusebenzisa:

• Ukulunywa umkhaza onegciwane, i-horsefly, noma umiyane
• Ukuphefumula ukungcola okunesifo noma okokutshala
• Ukuthintana ngqo, ngekhefu esikhunjeni, nesilwane esinesifo noma isidumbu saso (imvamisa unogwaja, imiskrat, i-beaver, noma ingwejeje)
• Ukudla inyama enegciwane (okungajwayelekile)

Lesi sifo sitholakala kakhulu eNyakatho Melika nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeYurophu ne-Asia. E-United States, lesi sifo sitholakala kaningi eMissouri, eSouth Dakota, e-Oklahoma nase-Arkansas. Yize ukuqubuka kungenzeka e-United States, akuvamile.

Abanye abantu bangaba ne-pneumonia ngemuva kokuphefumula ukungcola okuthelelekile noma okokutshala. Lesi sifo saziwa ukuthi senzeka eMartin's Vineyard (eMassachusetts), lapho amabhaktheriya akhona konogwaja, ama-raccoon, nakuma-skunks.

Izimpawu zikhula ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 ngemuva kokuvezwa. Ukugula kuvame ukuqala ngokuzumayo. Ingaqhubeka amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu.

Izimpawu zifaka:

• Imfiva, amakhaza, ukujuluka
• Ukucasulwa kweso (i-conjunctivitis, uma ukutheleleka kuqale esweni)
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuqina okuhlangene, ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Indawo ebomvu esikhunjeni, ekhula ibe yisilonda (isilonda)
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukwehla kwesisindo

Ukuhlolwa kwalesi simo kufaka:

• Isiko legazi lamagciwane
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kulinganisa ukuphendula komzimba (amasosha omzimba) ekuthelelekeni (i-serology ye-tularemia)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Isivivinyo se-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sesampula esivela ku-ulcer

Umgomo wokwelashwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka ngama-antibiotic.

Imithi elwa namagciwane i-streptomycin ne-tetracycline ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi sifo. Enye i-antibiotic, i-gentamicin, izamile njengenye indlela ye-streptomycin. IGentamicin ibonakala isebenza kahle kakhulu, kepha ifundwe kubantu abambalwa kuphela ngoba lesi yisifo esingajwayelekile. Imithi elwa namagciwane i-tetracycline ne-chloramphenicol ingasetshenziswa yodwa, kepha imvamisa akuyona inketho yokuqala.

I-Tularemia iyabulala cishe ku-5% wamacala angalashwa, nangaphansi kwamacala alashwa angaphansi kuka-1%.

I-Tularemia ingaholela kulezi zinkinga:

• Ukutheleleka kwamathambo (i-osteomyelitis)
• Ukutheleleka kwesaka elizungeze inhliziyo (i-pericarditis)
• Ukutheleleka kolwelwesi olumboze ubuchopho nomgogodla (meningitis)
• Inyumoniya

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma kuvela izimpawu ngemuva kokulunywa yigundane, ukulunywa umkhaza, noma ukuvezwa inyama yesilwane sasendle.

Izindlela zokuzivikela zifaka ukugqoka amagilavu ​​lapho ukhumba noma ukugqoka izilwane zasendle, nokuhlala kude nezilwane ezigulayo noma ezifile.

Umkhuhlane we-Deerfly; Umkhuhlane wonogwaja; Isifo sePahvant Valley; Isifo se-Ohara; I-Yato-byo (Japan); Umkhuhlane we-Lemming

• Imikhaza yenyamazana
• Imikhaza
• Thika ifakiwe esikhunjeni
• Amasosha omzimba
• Amagciwane

UPenn RL. UFrancisella tularensis (tularemia). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 229.

Schaffner W. Tularemia nomunye UFrancisella izifo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 311.