Ukuphazamiseka kovalo

I-panic disorder wuhlobo lwesifo sokukhathazeka lapho uhlaselwa kaninginingi ngokwesaba okukhulu ukuthi kuzokwenzeka into embi.

Imbangela ayaziwa. Izakhi zofuzo zingadlala indima. Amanye amalungu omndeni angaba nalesi sifo. Kepha ukuphazamiseka kwesifo kuvame ukuvela lapho kungekho mlando womndeni.

I-panic disorder iphindwe kabili kwabesifazane kunakwabesilisa. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-25 kepha zingavela maphakathi no-30s. Izingane nazo zingaba nenkinga yokwethuka, kepha imvamisa ayitholakali kuze kube yilapho sezikhulile.

Ukuhlaselwa ngokwesaba kuqala ngokuzumayo futhi kuvame ukuphakama kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kwengu-20. Ezinye izimpawu ziyaqhubeka ihora noma ngaphezulu. Ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka kungaphanjaniswa nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Umuntu onenkinga yokwethuka uvame ukuhlala ngokwesaba okunye ukuhlaselwa, futhi angesaba ukuba yedwa noma kude nosizo lwezokwelapha.

Abantu abanenkinga yokwethuka okungenani banezimpawu ezi-4 ezilandelayo ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungaphatheki kahle
• Isiyezi noma ukuzwa ukuquleka
• Ukwesaba ukufa
• Ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa ukulawula noma ukubhujiswa okuzayo
• Ukuzizwa kuminyanisa
• Imizwa yokuhlukaniswa
• Imizwa engeyona engokoqobo
• Isicanucanu noma isisu esithukuthele
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuncinza ezandleni, ezinyaweni, noma ebusweni
• Ukushaya kancane, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, noma inhliziyo eshayayo
• Ukuzwa kokuphefumula okuncane noma ukushisa
• Ukujuluka, ukubanda, noma ukushisa okushisayo
• Ukuthuthumela noma ukuqhaqhazela

Ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka kungashintsha ukusebenza nokusebenza ekhaya, esikoleni, noma emsebenzini. Abantu abanesifo bavame ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela yokuhlaselwa kwabo ukwesaba.

Abantu abanenkinga yokwethuka bangasebenzisa kabi utshwala noma ezinye izidakamizwa. Bangase bazizwe bedabukile noma becindezelekile.

Ukuhlaselwa ngokwesaba akunakubikezelwa. Okungenani ezigabeni zokuqala zalesi sifo, ayikho i-trigger eqala ukuhlasela. Ukukhumbula ukuhlaselwa okwedlule kungadala ukwethuka.

Abantu abaningi abane-panic disorder baqala ngokuthola ukwelashwa egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwethuka kaningi kuzwakala njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kwezempilo yengqondo.

Kuzokwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha kufanele zikhishwe ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukuphazamiseka kwesifo. Ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuzobhekwa ngoba izimpawu zingafana nokuhlaselwa ukwethuka.

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukukusiza usebenze kahle phakathi nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ukusebenzisa yomibili imithi nokwelashwa kokukhuluma kusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma (ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, noma i-CBT) kungakusiza uqonde ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nakho. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, uzofunda ukuthi:

• Qonda futhi ulawule imibono esontekile yezingcindezi zokuphila, njengokuziphatha kwabanye abantu noma imicimbi yokuphila.
• Bona futhi ushintshe imicabango ebangela ukwethuka futhi yehlise umuzwa wokungabi namandla okuzisiza.
• Phatha ukucindezeleka futhi uphumule lapho izimpawu zivela.
• Cabanga ngezinto ezibangela ukukhathazeka, uqale ngokungenalo noluncane uvalo. Prakthiza ezimeni zangempela zokukusiza unqobe ukwesaba kwakho.

Imithi ethile, ejwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukucindezeleka, ingaba wusizo olukhulu kulesi sifo. Zisebenza ngokuvimbela izimpawu zakho noma zizenze zingabi namandla kakhulu. Kumele uyiphuze le mithi nsuku zonke. Ungayeki ukuwathatha ngaphandle kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho.

Imithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-sedatives noma i-hypnotics nayo ingabhalwa.

• Le mithi kufanele ithathwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.
• Udokotela wakho uzokunika inani elilinganiselwe lale mithi. Akufanele zisetshenziswe nsuku zonke.
• Zingasetshenziswa lapho izimpawu ziba nzima kakhulu noma lapho usuzovezwa kokuthile okuletha izimpawu zakho njalo.
• Uma unikezwe umuthi wokuthambisa, ungaphuzi utshwala ngenkathi ukulolu hlobo lomuthi.

Okulandelayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni inani noma ukuqina kokuhlaselwa ukwethuka:

• Ungaphuzi utshwala.
• Yidla ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile.
• Zivocavoce kakhulu.
• Lala ngokwanele.
• Nciphisa noma ugweme i-caffeine, imithi ethile ebandayo, nezikhuthazi.

Unganciphisa ukucindezeleka kokuba ne-panic disorder ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Amaqembu okusekela imvamisa akayona indawo enhle yokwelashwa ngezinkulumo noma ukuthatha umuthi, kepha angaba ukwengeza okuwusizo.

• I-Anxiety and Depression Association of America - adaa.org
• Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezempilo Yengqondo - www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/panic-disorder-when-fear-overwhelms/index.shtml

Izinkinga zepanic zingahlala isikhathi eside futhi kube nzima ukuzelapha. Abanye abantu abanalesi sifo kungenzeka bangalapheki. Kodwa abantu abaningi baba ngcono lapho belashwa ngendlela efanele.

Abantu abanenkinga yokwethuka kungenzeka ukuthi:

• Ukuphuza ngokweqile noma izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni
• Ungasebenzi noma ungakhiqizi kancane emsebenzini
• Yiba nobudlelwano obunzima nabantu, kubandakanya nezinkinga zomshado
• Hlukaniswa ngokunciphisa lapho beya khona noma ukuthi basondele kubani

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho ukuze uthole i-aphoyintimenti uma ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka kuphazamisa umsebenzi wakho, ubudlelwano, noma ukuzethemba kwakho.

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo noma ubone umhlinzeki wakho khona manjalo uma uba nemicabango yokuzibulala.

Uma uthola ukwethuka, gwema okulandelayo:

• Utshwala
• Izikhuthazi ezifana ne-caffeine ne-cocaine

Lezi zinto zingadala noma zenze zibe zimbi izimpawu.

Ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka; Ukuhlaselwa kokukhathazeka; Ukwesaba ukuhlaselwa; Ukukhathazeka kokukhathazeka - ukwethuka

I-American Psychiatric Association. Izinkinga zokukhathazeka. Ku: American Psychiatric Association, ed. Incwajana Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo. Umhlaka 5. I-Arlington, VA: Ukushicilelwa Kwe-Psychiatric yaseMelika; 2013: 189-234.

UCalkins AW, Bui E, Taylor CT, Pollack MH, LeBeau RT, uSimon NM. Izinkinga zokukhathazeka. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ama-eds. IMassachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 32.

ULyness JM. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwezokwelapha. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 369.

National Institute of Mental Health iwebhusayithi. Izinkinga zokukhathazeka. www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml. Kubuyekezwe uJulayi 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 17, 2020.