Ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukucindezela

I-Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo lapho abantu benemicabango engadingeki futhi ephindaphindwayo, imizwa, imibono, imizwa (ukuthatheka), nokuziphatha okubashukumisela ukuthi benze okuthile kaningi (ukuphoqelelwa).

Imvamisa umuntu wenza isimilo sokuqeda imicabango engalawuleki. Kepha lokhu kunikeza kuphela ukukhululeka kwesikhashana. Ukungenzi amasiko okweqile kungadala ukukhathazeka okukhulu nosizi.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo abazi imbangela ngqo ye-OCD. Izici ezingadlala indima zifaka ukulimala ekhanda, ukutheleleka, kanye nokusebenza okungavamile ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho. Izakhi zofuzo (umlando womndeni) zibonakala zidlala indima enamandla. Umlando wokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba noma ngokocansi nawo ubonakala ukhulisa ubungozi be-OCD.

Abazali nothisha bavame ukubona izimpawu ze-OCD ezinganeni. Iningi labantu litholakala lineminyaka engu-19 noma engama-20, kepha abanye abakhombisi zimpawu kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.

Abantu abane-OCD banemicabango ephindaphindwayo, ukunxenxa, noma izithombe zengqondo ezibangela ukukhathazeka. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-obsessions.

Izibonelo yilezi:

• Ukwesaba ngokweqile kwamagciwane
• Imicabango engavunyelwe ehlobene nezocansi, inkolo, noma ukulimaza abanye noma ukuzithanda
• Isidingo se-oda

Benza futhi nokuziphatha okuphindaphindwayo ukuphendula imicabango yabo noma ukuthatheka. Izibonelo zifaka:

• Ukuhlola nokuhlola izenzo (njengokucisha amalambu nokukhiya umnyango)
• Ukubala okweqile
• Uku-oda izinto ngendlela ethile
• Izandla eziphindaphindiwe zokugeza izandla ukugwema ukutheleleka
• Ukuphinda amagama buthule
• Ukuthandaza buthule kaninginingi

Akuwona wonke umuntu onemikhuba noma amasiko abathanda ukuwenza ane-OCD. Kepha, umuntu one-OCD:

• Akakwazi ukulawula imicabango yabo noma indlela abaziphatha ngayo, noma ngabe baqonda ukuthi badlulele.
• Uchitha okungenani ihora ngosuku kule micabango noma ekuziphatheni.
• Ayitholi injabulo ngokwenza okuthile noma isiko, ngaphandle kokukhululeka okufushane kokukhathazeka.
• Unezinkinga ezinkulu empilweni yansuku zonke ngenxa yale micabango namasiko.

Abantu abane-OCD bangabuye babe nesifo se-tic, njenge:

• Ukucwayiza kweso
• Ukuqothuka kobuso
• Amahlombe ehlombe
• Kuduma ikhanda
• Ukuphindaphindwa kokuhlanzwa komphimbo, ukuhogela, noma ukukhonona

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokususelwa engxoxweni yomuntu kanye namalungu omndeni. Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungakhipha izimbangela zomzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwempilo yengqondo kungakhipha ezinye izifo zengqondo.

Amaphepha emibuzo angasiza ekuhloleni i-OCD futhi alandele inqubekela phambili yokwelashwa.

I-OCD ilashwa kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yemithi nokwelashwa kokuziphatha.

Imithi esetshenzisiwe ifaka phakathi imishanguzo yokucindezela, i-antipsychotic, kanye ne-stabilizers.

Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma (ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo; i-CBT) kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuyasebenza kule nkinga. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, umuntu uvezwa kaningi esimweni esidala imicabango engalawuleki futhi afunde ukubekezelela kancane kancane ukukhathazeka futhi amelane nesifiso sokwenza lokho okuphoqelelwe. Ukwelashwa kungasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka nokuxazulula izingxabano zangaphakathi.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokuba ne-OCD ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Amaqembu okusekela imvamisa akayona indawo enhle yokwelashwa ngezinkulumo noma ukuthatha umuthi, kepha angaba ukwengeza okuwusizo.

• I-International OCD Foundation - iocdf.org/ocd-finding-help/supportgroups/
• Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezempilo Yengqondo - www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/index.shtml

I-OCD yisifo sesikhathi eside (esingapheli) esinezikhathi zezimpawu ezinzima ezilandelwa izikhathi zokwenza ngcono. Isikhathi esingenazimpawu ngokuphelele asijwayelekile. Iningi labantu liyathuthuka ngokwelashwa.

Izinkinga zesikhathi eside ze-OCD zihlobene nohlobo lokuphazamiseka noma ukuphoqelelwa. Isibonelo, ukuwasha izandla njalo kungadala ukubola kwesikhumba. I-OCD ayivame ukuthuthukela kwenye inkinga yengqondo.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho uma izimpawu zakho ziphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke, umsebenzi, noma ubudlelwane.

I-neurosis ecindezelayo; I-OCD

• Ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukucindezela

I-American Psychiatric Association. Izinkinga ezibukeka ngokweqile nokucindezela okuhlobene. Ku: American Psychiatric Association, ed. Incwajana Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo. Umhlaka 5. I-Arlington, VA: Ukushicilelwa Kwe-Psychiatric yaseMelika; 2013: 235-264.

ULyness JM. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwezokwelapha. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 369.

UStewart SE, uLafleur D, uDougherty DD, uWilhelm S, uKeuthen NJ, uJenike MA. Isiyaluyalu sokucindezela okubonakalayo kanye nokuphazamiseka okuphoqelela ngokweqile nokuhlobene. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ama-eds. IMassachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 33.