I-bronchiolitis

I-bronchiolitis ukuvuvukala nokwakhiwa kwamafinyila ezindimeni zomoya ezincane kakhulu emaphashini (i-bronchioles). Ngokuvamile kungenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane.

I-bronchiolitis ivame ukuthinta izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2, ngenani eliphakeme lezinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezingu-6. Kuyisifo esivamile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi esinzima. Igciwane le-syncytial yokuphefumula (i-RSV) iyimbangela evame kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izingane zivezwa yileli gciwane ngosuku lwazo lokuzalwa lokuqala.

Amanye amagciwane angadala i-bronchiolitis afaka:

• I-Adenovirus
• Umkhuhlane
• I-Parainfluenza

Leli gciwane lisakazeka ezinganeni ngokuthinta ngqo uketshezi lwamakhala nolomphimbo lomuntu ogulayo. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho enye ingane noma umuntu omdala onegciwane:

• Ukudonsa noma ukukhwehlela okuseduze namaconsi amancane asemoyeni aphefumulelwa yilo sana
• Ukuthinta amathoyizi noma ezinye izinto ezithintwa usana

I-bronchiolitis ivela kaningi ekwindla nasebusika kunezinye izikhathi zonyaka. Kuyisizathu esivame kakhulu ukuthi izinsana zilaliswe esibhedlela ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Izici zobungozi be-bronchiolitis zifaka:

• Ukuba eduze nentuthu kagwayi
• Ukuba mncane kunezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala
• Ukuhlala ezimweni eziminyene
• Ukunganceliswa ibele
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-37 okukhulelwa

Ezinye izingane zinezimpawu ezimbalwa noma ezincane.

I-bronchiolitis iqala njengokutheleleka okuphefumulayo okuphezulu. Kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3, ​​ingane iba nezinkinga zokuphefumula eziningi, kufaka phakathi isifuba nokukhwehlela.

Izimpawu zifaka:

• Isikhumba se-Bluish ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo (i-cyanosis) - kuyadingeka ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula kubandakanya ukuphefumula nokuphefumula okuncane
• Khwehlela
• Ukukhathala
• Imfiva
• Imisipha ezungeze izimbambo iyangena lapho ingane izama ukuphefumula (okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlehliswa kwe-intercostal)
• Amakhala ezinsana abanzi lapho ephefumula
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo (tachypnea)

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Imisindo evuzayo nephahlazekayo ingazwakala nge-stethoscope.

Isikhathi esiningi, i-bronchiolitis ingatholwa ngokuya ngezimpawu kanye nokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Amagesi egazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Isiko lesampula loketshezi lwamakhala ukucacisa igciwane elibanga lesi sifo

Ukugxila okuyinhloko kokwelashwa ukukhulula izimpawu, njengokuphefumula kanzima nokuphefumula. Ezinye izingane zingadinga ukuhlala esibhedlela uma izinkinga zazo zokuphefumula zingathuthuki ngemuva kokubonwa emtholampilo noma egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo.

Imithi elwa namagciwane ayisebenzi ekulweni nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Imithi elapha amagciwane ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izingane ezigula kakhulu.

Ekhaya, izindlela zokunciphisa izimpawu zingasetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Yenza ingane yakho iphuze uketshezi oluningi. Ubisi lwebele noma ifomula kuhle ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12. Iziphuzo ze-Electrolyte, njengePedialyte, nazo zilungile ezinganeni.
• Cela ingane yakho iphefumule umoya omanzi (omanzi) ukusiza ukukhulula amafinyila anamathele. Sebenzisa i-humidifier ukuthambisa umoya.
• Nikeza ingane yakho usawoti ekhaleni amaconsi. Bese usebenzisa isibani sokudonsa ngamakhala ukusiza ukukhulula ikhala eligcwele.
• Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukuphumula okuningi.

Ungavumeli noma ngubani abheme endlini, emotweni, noma kuphi eduze kwengane yakho. Izingane ezinenkinga yokuphefumula zingadinga ukuhlala esibhedlela. Lapho, ukwelashwa kungafaka ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen noketshezi olunikezwa nge-vein (IV).

Ukuphefumula kuvame ukuba ngcono ngosuku lwesithathu futhi izimpawu zicace kakhulu kungakapheli isonto. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-pneumonia noma izinkinga zokuphefumula ezinzima ziyakhula.

Ezinye izingane zingaba nezinkinga zokuphefumula noma i-asthma njengoba zikhula.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho khona manjalo noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo uma ingane yakho:

• Kukhathala ngokweqile
• Inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni, kuzipikili, noma ezindebeni
• Iqala ukuphefumula ngokushesha okukhulu
• Unomkhuhlane obhebhetheka ngokuzumayo
• Unenkinga yokuphefumula
• Inamacici emakhaleni noma ukubuyisa isifuba lapho izama ukuphefumula

Izimo eziningi ze-bronchiolitis azikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngoba amagciwane abangela ukutheleleka ajwayelekile emvelweni. Ukugeza izandla ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwamagciwane.

Umuthi obizwa nge- palivizumab (Synagis) okhulisa amasosha omzimba unganconywa ezinganeni ezithile. Udokotela wengane yakho uzokwazisa uma lo muthi ulungele ingane yakho.

Igciwane le-syncytial yokuphefumula - i-bronchiolitis; Umkhuhlane - i-bronchiolitis; Ukuqhaqhazela - i-bronchiolitis

• I-bronchiolitis - ukukhipha
• Ungaphefumula kanjani uma ushoda ngokuphefumula
• Ukuphepha kwe-oksijeni
• I-postural drainage
• Usebenzisa i-oxygen ekhaya
• Usebenzisa i-oxygen ekhaya - ukuthi ubuze ini kudokotela wakho

• I-bronchiolitis
• Amaphaphu ajwayelekile kanye ne-alveoli

Indlu SA, uRalston SL. Ukuphefumula, i-bronchiolitis, ne-bronchitis. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 418.

URalston SL, uLieberthal AS; I-American Academy Yezingane, et al. Umhlahlandlela wokusebenza komtholampilo: ukuxilongwa, ukuphathwa, nokuvinjelwa kwe-bronchiolitis. Izifo zezingane. 2014; 134 (5): e1474-e1502. I-PMID: 25349312 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25349312.

UWalsh EE, u-Englund JA. I-Respiratory syncytial virus. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 158.