Ubuciko obukhulu

I-Gigantism ukukhula okungajwayelekile ngenxa ye-hormone ekhulayo ngokweqile (GH) ngesikhathi sobuntwana.

I-Gigantism ayivamile kakhulu. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokukhishwa kwe-GH ngokweqile yisicubu esingenomdlavuza (esibi) sendlala yendlala. Ezinye izimbangela zifaka:

• Isifo sofuzo esithinta umbala wesikhumba (i-pigmentation) futhi sidale izicubu ezinobungozi zesikhumba, inhliziyo, ne-endocrine (hormone) system (Carney complex)
• Isifo sofuzo esithinta amathambo nombala wesikhumba (iMcCune-Albright syndrome)
• Isifo sofuzo lapho eyodwa noma eziningi zezindlala ze-endocrine zisebenza ngokweqile noma zakha isimila (izinhlobo eziningi ze-endocrine neoplasia uhlobo 1 noma uhlobo 4)
• Isifo sofuzo esakha izicubu zepituitary
• Isifo lapho kwakheka izicubu emithanjeni yobuchopho nomgogodla (i-neurofibromatosis)

Uma i-GH eyeqile yenzeka ngemuva kokuma kokukhula kwethambo okujwayelekile (ukuphela kokuthomba), lesi simo saziwa njenge-acromegaly.

Ingane izokhula ngokuphakama, kanye nasemisipheni nasezitho zomzimba. Lokhu kukhula ngokweqile kwenza ingane ibe nkulu ngokwedlulele ngeminyaka yayo.

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukuthomba okulibazisekile
• Umbono ophindwe kabili noma ubunzima ngombono ohlangothini (ohlangothini)
• Ibunzi elivelele kakhulu (ukuphatha phambili) nomhlathi ovelele
• Izikhala phakathi kwamazinyo
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukujuluka okwengeziwe
• Izikhathi ezingajwayelekile (ukuya esikhathini)
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• Izandla nezinyawo ezinkulu ezineminwe nezinzwane ezijiyile
• Ukukhishwa kobisi lwebele
• Izinkinga zokulala
• Ukuqina kobuso
• Ubuthakathaka
• Izinguquko zezwi

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu zengane.

Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorathri okunga-odwa kufaka phakathi:

• ICortisol
• I-Estradiol (amantombazane)
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezelwa kwe-GH
• Iprolactin
• Ukukhula okufana ne-insulini-I
• Testosterone (abafana)
• Indlala yegilo

Ukufanekisa izivivinyo, njengokuhlolwa kwe-CT noma kwe-MRI kwekhanda, nakho kungalawulwa ukuthi kubhekwe isimila se-pituitary.

Kuma-tumors we-pituitary, ukuhlinzeka kungaphulukisa amacala amaningi.

Lapho ukuhlinzwa kungasikhiphi ngokuphelele isimila, imithi isetshenziselwa ukuvimba noma ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-GH noma ukuvimbela i-GH ukuthi ifinyelele ezicutshini eziqondiwe.

Kwesinye isikhathi ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubukhulu besimila ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Ukuhlinzwa kwesikhumba kuvame ukuphumelela ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwe-GH.

Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungaguqula ushintsho oluningi olubangelwa ukweqisa kwe-GH.

Ukwelashwa nokwelashwa ngemisebe kungaholela emazingeni aphansi amanye ama-hormone e-pituitary. Lokhu kungadala noma yiziphi izimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal (izindlala ze-adrenal azikhiqizi ama-hormone abo anele)
• Isifo sikashukela insipidus (ukoma ngokweqile nokuchama ngokweqile; ezimweni ezingavamile)
• I-Hypogonadism (izindlala zocansi lomzimba zikhiqiza ama-hormone amancane noma awekho nhlobo)
• I-Hypothyroidism (indlala yegilo ayenzi i-hormone yegilo eyanele)

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ingane yakho inezimpawu zokukhula ngokweqile.

I-Gigantism ayinakuvinjelwa. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungavimbela lesi sifo ukuthi sikhule kakhulu futhi kusize ukugwema izinkinga.

I-pituitary giant; Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone yokukhula; Ozokusebenzisa - ukukhiqizwa okweqile

• Izindlala ze-Endocrine

UKatznelson L, Imithetho ER Jr, Melmed S, et al; I-Endocrine Society. I-Acromegaly: umhlahlandlela womkhuba womtholampilo womphakathi we-endocrine. UJ Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 99 (11): 3933-3951. I-PMID: 25356808 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25356808.

Melmed S. Acromegaly. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, abahleli. I-Endocrinology: Eyabantu Abadala Neyengane. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 12.