I-goiter elula

I-goiter elula ukukhuliswa kwendlala yegilo. Imvamisa akusona isimila noma umdlavuza.

Indlala yegilo iyisitho esibalulekile sohlelo lwe-endocrine. Itholakala ngaphambili entanyeni ngenhla nje lapho kuhlangana khona amathambo akho ekhola. Indlala yenza amahomoni alawula indlela wonke amaseli emzimbeni asebenzisa ngayo amandla. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-metabolism.

Ukushoda kwe-iodine kuyimbangela evame kakhulu ye-goiter. Umzimba udinga iodine ukukhiqiza i-hormone yegilo. Uma ungenayo iodine eyanele ekudleni kwakho, i-thyroid iba nkulu ukuzama ukubamba yonke iodine engakwazi ukuyenza, ngakho-ke ingenza inani elifanele lehomoni yegilo. Ngakho-ke, i-goiter ingaba uphawu lokuthi i-thyroid ayikwazi ukwenza i-hormone yegilo eyanele. Ukusetshenziswa kasawoti one-iodized e-United States kuvimbela ukuntuleka kwe-iodine ekudleni.

Ezinye izimbangela ze-goiter zifaka:

• Amasosha omzimba ahlasela indlala yegilo (inkinga yokuzimela)
• Imithi ethile (i-lithium, i-amiodarone)
• Izifo (ezingavamile)
• Ukubhema ugwayi
• Ukudla ukudla okuningi kakhulu (isoya, amakinati, noma imifino kumndeni we-broccoli kanye neklabishi)
• I-goular nodular goiter, indlala yegilo ekhulisiwe enokukhula okuncane noma iziqu eziningi ezibizwa ngama-nodules, ezikhiqiza i-hormone yegilo eningi kakhulu

Ama-goiters alula ajwayelekile kakhulu ku:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40
• Abantu abanomlando womndeni we-goiter
• Abantu abazalwa futhi bakhulela ezindaweni ezinokuntuleka kwe-iodine
  
• Abesifazane

Uphawu oluyinhloko yindlala yegilo eyandisiwe. Ubukhulu bungahle busuke esihlokweni esincane esisodwa siye kusisindo esikhulu ngaphambili entanyeni.

Abanye abantu abane-goiter elula bangaba nezimpawu zesifo se-thyroid esingasebenzi kahle.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-thyroid ekhulisiwe ingafaka ingcindezi ku-windpipe (trachea) nashubhu yokudla (isopha). Lokhu kungaholela ku:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (obunama-goiters amakhulu kakhulu), ikakhulukazi lapho ulele phansi emhlane noma lapho ufinyelela phezulu ngezingalo zakho
• Khwehlela
• Ukungahambi kahle
• Ukugwinya ubunzima, ikakhulukazi ngokudla okuqinile
• Ubuhlungu endaweni yegilo

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Lokhu kufaka ukuzwa intamo yakho njengoba ugwinya. Ukuvuvukala endaweni yegilo kungazwakala.

Uma une-goiter enkulu kakhulu, ungaba nengcindezi emithanjeni yakho. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho umhlinzeki ekucela ukuthi uphakamise izingalo zakho ngaphezu kwekhanda lakho, ungazizwa unesiyezi.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungalawulwa ukukala ukusebenza kwe-thyroid:

• I-thyroxine yamahhala (T4)
• Ihomoni ekhuthaza i-thyroid (TSH)

Izivivinyo zokubheka izindawo ezingajwayelekile futhi ezinomdlavuza endlala yegilo zifaka:

• Ukuskena nokutholwa kwendlala yegilo
• I-Ultrasound yegilo

Uma kutholakala amaqhubu ku-ultrasound, kungadingeka i-biopsy ukuhlola umdlavuza wegilo.

I-goiter idinga ukwelashwa kuphela uma ibangela izimpawu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-thyroid eyandisiwe kufaka:

• Amaphilisi wokushintsha ama-hormone e-thyroid uma i-goiter ingenxa ye-thyroid engasebenzi
• Ukweqiwa okuncane kwe-iodine ye-iodini noma i-potassium iodine solution uma i-goiter ingenxa yokushoda kwe-iodine
• Iodine enemisebe yokuncipha indlala uma indlala yegilo ikhiqiza i-hormone yegilo eningi kakhulu
• Ukuhlinzwa (thyroidectomy) ukususa konke noma ingxenye yendlala

I-goiter elula inganyamalala yodwa, noma ingaba nkulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indlala yegilo ingayeka ukwenza i-hormone yegilo eyanele. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-hypothyroidism.

Kwezinye izimo, i-goiter iba yingozi futhi ikhiqize i-hormone ye-thyroid yodwa. Lokhu kungadala amazinga aphezulu e-hormone yegilo, isimo esibizwa nge-hyperthyroidism.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uhlangabezana nokuvuvukala ngaphambili kwentamo yakho noma ezinye izimpawu ze-goiter.

Kusetshenziswa usawoti wetafula one-iodized kuvimbela ama-goiters alula kakhulu.

Goiter - elula; I-goiter engapheli; I-goiter ye-Colloidal; I-goiter engenabuthi

• Ukususwa kwendlala yegilo - ukukhishwa

• Ukwandiswa kwe-thyroid - i-scintiscan
• Indlala yegilo
• Isifo sikaHashimoto's (chronic thyroiditis)

IBrent GA, Weetman AP. I-Hypothyroidism ne-thyroiditis. Ku: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 13.

U-Hegedüs L, uPaschke R, uKrohn K, uBonnema SJ. I-goiter yama-multinodular. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, abahleli. I-Endocrinology: Eyabantu Abadala Neyengane. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 90.

UJonklaas J, Cooper DS. Indlala yegilo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 213.

USmith JR, uWassner AJ. Goiter. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 583.