Isifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela yisifo sesikhathi eside (esingapheli) lapho umzimba ungeke ukwazi ukulawula inani likashukela egazini.

I-insulin yihomoni ekhiqizwa amanyikwe ukulawula ushukela wegazi. Isifo sikashukela singabangelwa i-insulin encane kakhulu, ukumelana ne-insulin, noma kokubili.

Ukuqonda isifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale uqonde inqubo ejwayelekile lapho ukudla kudilizwa khona kusetshenziswe umzimba ukuthola amandla. Ziningi izinto ezenzekayo lapho ukudla kugaywa futhi kumuncwa:

• Ushukela obizwa ngokuthi i-glucose ungena egazini. I-glucose ingumthombo wephethiloli womzimba.
• Isitho esibizwa ngama-pancreas senza i-insulin. Indima ye-insulin ukuhambisa i-glucose isuka egazini iye emisipheni, emafutheni nakwamanye amaseli, lapho ingagcinwa khona noma isetshenziswe njengophethiloli.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banoshukela ophakeme wegazi ngoba imizimba yabo ayikwazi ukuhambisa ushukela egazini iye kumaseli emisipha namafutha ukuze ishiswe noma igcinelwe amandla, kanye / noma ngoba isibindi sabo senza ushukela omningi futhi siwudlulisele egazini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi noma:

• Ama-pancreas abo ayenzi i-insulin eyanele
• Amaseli abo awaphenduli ku-insulin ngokujwayelekile
• Kokubili okungenhla

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela. Izimbangela nezici zobungozi zihlukile ohlotsheni ngalunye:

• Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 aluvamile. Kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kepha kuvame ukutholakala ezinganeni, kwentsha noma kubantu abadala. Kulesi sifo, umzimba wenza i-insulin encane noma ungayenzi nhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaseli amanyikwe enza insulini ayeke ukusebenza. Kudingeka imijovo yansuku zonke ye-insulin. Imbangela ngqo yokwehluleka ukwenza i-insulin eyanele ayaziwa.
• Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela luvame kakhulu. Kuvame ukwenzeka lapho usumdala, kepha ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okukhuluphala, izingane nentsha manje sekutholakala ukuthi banesifo. Abanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 abazi ukuthi banaso. Nge-type 2 yesifo sikashukela, umzimba umelana ne-insulin futhi awusebenzisi i-insulin ngendlela efanele. Akubona bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 abakhuluphele ngokweqile noma abakhuluphele ngokweqile.
• Kunezinye izimbangela zesifo sikashukela, futhi abanye abantu abakwazi ukuhlukaniswa njengohlobo 1 noma uhlobo 2.

Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa yishukela eliphakeme legazi elikhula nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kowesifazane ongenaso isifo sikashukela.

Uma umzali wakho, umfowenu noma udadewenu enesifo sikashukela, ungahle ube nalesi sifo.

Izinga eliphezulu likashukela egazini lingadala izimpawu eziningana, kufaka phakathi:

• Umbono ofiphele
• Ukoma ngokweqile
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuchama njalo
• Indlala
• Ukwehla kwesisindo

Ngenxa yokuthi uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela lukhula kancane, abanye abantu abanoshukela ophakeme wegazi abanazo izimpawu.

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zikhula esikhathini esifushane. Abantu bangahle bagule kakhulu ngesikhathi abatholakala ngaso.

Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi, isifo sikashukela singaholela kwezinye izinkinga ezinkulu. Lezi zinkinga zaziwa njengezinkinga zesifo sikashukela, futhi zifaka:

• Izinkinga zamehlo, kufaka phakathi ukungaboni kahle (ikakhulukazi ebusuku), ukuzwela ukukhanya, nokungaboni
• Izilonda nokutheleleka komlenze noma unyawo, okuthi uma kungalashwa, kungaholela ekunqunyweni komlenze noma konyawo
• Ukulimala kwezinzwa emzimbeni, okudala izinhlungu, ukuncinza, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa, izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile
• Izinkinga zezinso, ezingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, angaholela ekuthelelekeni kaningi
• Ukwanda kwamathuba okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi

Ukuhlaziywa komchamo kungakhombisa ushukela ophakeme wegazi. Kepha ukuhlolwa komchamo kukodwa akusichazi isifo sikashukela.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angasola ukuthi unesifo sikashukela uma izinga likashukela egazini lakho lingaphezulu kuka-200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L). Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma okuningi okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:

• Ukuzila izinga likashukela egazini. Isifo sikashukela sitholakala uma izinga le-glucose elisheshayo lingu-126 mg / dL (7.0 mmol / L) noma ngaphezulu ezivivinyweni ezimbili ezihlukene. Amaleveli aphakathi kuka-100 no-125 mg / dL (5.5 no-7.0 mmol / L) abizwa ngokungasebenzi kahle kwe-glucose yokuzila ukudla noma ama-prediabetes. Lawa mazinga ayizici zobungozi besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hemoglobin A1C (A1C). Okujwayelekile kungaphansi kuka-5.7%; ama-prediabetes angama-5.7% kuya ku-6.4%; kanti isifo sikashukela singu-6.5% noma ngaphezulu.
• Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelelana kwe-glucose ngomlomo. Isifo sikashukela sitholakala uma izinga le-glucose lingu-200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L) noma ngaphezulu kwamahora ama-2 ngemuva kokuphuza isiphuzo esikhethekile sikashukela esingu-75 gram (lolu vivinyo lusetshenziswa kaningi ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2).

Kunconywa ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kubantu abangenazo izimpawu:

• Izingane ezikhuluphele kakhulu ezinezinye izinto ezinobungozi besifo sikashukela, ziqala eminyakeni yobudala eyi-10 ziphindwe njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
• Abantu abadala abakhuluphele ngokweqile (i-BMI engama-25 noma ngaphezulu) abanezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma ukuba nomama, ubaba, udadewabo noma umfowenu onesifo sikashukela.
• Abesifazane abakhuluphele kakhulu abanezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme abahlela ukukhulelwa.
  
• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-45, baphinda njalo eminyakeni emithathu noma besebancane uma umuntu enezinto ezinobungozi.

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 kwesinye isikhathi lungaguqulwa ngezinguquko zokuphila, ikakhulukazi ukwehlisa isisindo ngokuzivocavoca umzimba nangokudla ukudla okunempilo. Ezinye izimo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 nazo zingathuthukiswa ngokuhlinzwa kwesisindo.

Alikho ikhambi lohlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela (ngaphandle kwamanyikwe noma ukufakwa kweseli yeseli).

Ukwelapha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela noma uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela kubandakanya ukondleka komzimba, umsebenzi kanye nemithi yokulawula izinga likashukela egazini.

Wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele athole imfundo efanele nokuxhaswa ngezindlela ezingcono zokulawula isifo sikashukela. Buza umhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokubona uthisha oqinisekisiwe wesifo sikashukela (CDE).

Ukulawula kangcono ushukela wegazi, i-cholesterol, kanye nomfutho wegazi kusiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi besifo sezinso, isifo samehlo, isifo sezinzwa, isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi.

Ukuvimbela izinkinga zesifo sikashukela, vakashela umhlinzeki wakho okungenani ama-2 noma ama-4 ngonyaka. Khuluma nganoma yiziphi izinkinga onazo. Landela imiyalo yomhlinzeki wakho ekuphatheni isifo sakho sikashukela.

Izinsizakusebenza eziningi zingakusiza uqonde kabanzi ngesifo sikashukela. Uma unesifo sikashukela, ungafunda nezindlela zokuphatha isimo sakho nokuvikela izinkinga zesifo sikashukela.

Isifo sikashukela siyisifo sempilo yabantu abaningi abanaso.

Ukulawulwa okuqinile kwegazi glucose kungavimbela noma kubambezele izinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Kodwa lezi zinkinga zingenzeka, ngisho nakubantu abalawulwa kahle isifo sikashukela.

Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi, isifo sikashukela singaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo:

• Ungaba nezinkinga zamehlo, kufaka phakathi inkinga yokubona (ikakhulukazi ebusuku), nokuzwela okukhanyayo. Ungaba yimpumputhe.
• Izinyawo zakho nesikhumba sakho kungaba nezilonda nezifo. Ngemuva kwesikhathi eside, unyawo noma umlenze wakho kungadingeka ukuthi unqunywe. Ukutheleleka nakho kungadala ubuhlungu nokushaywa kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Isifo sikashukela singenza kube nzima ukulawula umfutho wegazi kanye ne-cholesterol yakho. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, nezinye izinkinga. Kungaba nzima ukuthi igazi ligobhozele emilenzeni nasezinyaweni zakho.
• Izinzwa emzimbeni wakho zingalimala, zibangele ubuhlungu, ukuhayiza, nokuba ndikindiki.
• Ngenxa yomonakalo wezinzwa, ungaba nezinkinga ekugayeni ukudla okudlayo. Ungazizwa ubuthakathaka noma unenkinga yokuya endlini yangasese. Ukulimala kwemithambo kungenza kube nzima ukuthi amadoda abe nokwakhiwa.
• Ushukela ophakeme wegazi nezinye izinkinga kungaholela ekulimaleni kwezinso. Izinso zakho kungenzeka zingasebenzi kahle njengakuqala. Bangayeka nokusebenza ukuze udinge i-dialysis noma ukufakelwa izinso.
• Amasosha omzimba wakho angancipha, okungaholela ekuthelelekeni kaningi.

Ukugcina isisindo somzimba esifanele kanye nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo kungavimbela noma kubambezele ukuqala kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, ukwehla ngo-5% kuphela wesisindo somzimba wakho kunganciphisa ubungozi bakho. Eminye imithi ingasetshenziselwa ukubambezela noma ukuvimbela ukuqala kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlobo 1 sikashukela alunakuvinjelwa. Kepha kukhona ucwaningo oluthembisayo olukhombisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esingu-1 lungabambezeleka kwabanye abantu abasengozini enkulu.

Isifo sikashukela - uhlobo 1; Isifo sikashukela - uhlobo 2; Isifo sikashukela - ukukhulelwa; Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1; Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2; Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa; Isifo sikashukela

• Isifo sikashukela - izilonda ezinyaweni
• Isifo sikashukela - ukunakekela izinyawo zakho
• Isifo sikashukela - uma ugula

• Izindlala ze-Endocrine
• I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela
• Iziqhingi zaseLangerhans
• Amapancreas
• Iphampu ye-insulin
• Thayipha I isifo sikashukela
• Ukusakazwa kwegazi likashukela ngonyawo
• Ukukhishwa kokudla kanye ne-insulin
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin nesifo sikashukela
• Ukuqapha ushukela wegazi - Uchungechunge
• I-Necrobiosis lipoidica sikashukela - isisu
• I-Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum - umlenze

I-American Diabetes Association. 2. Ukwahlukaniswa nokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela: izindinganiso zokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kusifo sikashukela - 2020. Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela. 2020; 43 (Suppl 1): S14-S31. I-PMID: 31862745 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862745/.

I-Atkinson MA, Mcgill DE, Dassau E, Laffel L. Thayipha i-1 yesifo sikashukela. Ku: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 36.

Imfumbe MC, Ahmann AJ. Ukwelashwa kohlobo lwesibili sikashukela mellitus. Ku: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 35.