Isifo samathambo

I-arthritis ukuvuvukala noma ukonakala kwelungu elilodwa noma amaningi. Ilunga yindawo lapho kuhlangana khona amathambo ama-2. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 ezahlukene zesifo samathambo.

Isifo samathambo sihilela ukuwohloka kwezinhlanganisela, ikakhulukazi uqwanga. Uqwanga olujwayelekile luvikela ukuhlangana futhi luvumele ukuthi luhambe kahle. Uqwanga luye luthathe ukushaqeka lapho kufakwa ingcindezi kwilunga, njengalapho uhamba. Ngaphandle kwenani elijwayelekile le-cartilage, amathambo angaphansi kwe-cartilage ayalimala futhi ahlikihle ndawonye. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala), nokuqina.

Ezinye izakhiwo ezihlangene ezithintekayo yi-arthritis zihlanganisa:

• I-synovium
• Ithambo eliseduze nejoyinti
• Imigqa nemisipha
• I-linings of the ligaments and tendons (bursae)

Ukuvuvukala okuhlangene nomonakalo kungavela ku:

• Isifo sokuzilimaza (amasosha omzimba ahlasela ngephutha izicubu ezinempilo)
• Ithambo eliphukile
• Okujwayelekile "ukuguga nokudabula" emajoyintini
• Ukutheleleka, kaningi ngamagciwane noma igciwane
• Amakristalu afana ne-uric acid noma i-calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuvuvukala okuhlangene kuyaphela ngemuva kokuba imbangela ihambile noma yelashwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, akunjalo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, unesifo samathambo sesikhathi eside (esingapheli).

I-arthritis ingenzeka kubantu banoma isiphi ubudala nobulili. I-Osteoarthritis, ngenxa yezinqubo ezingezona ukuvuvukala nokwanda ngeminyaka yobudala, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu.

Ezinye, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-arthritis yokuvuvukala zifaka:

• I-Ankylosing spondylitis
• Isifo samathambo se-Crystal, i-gout, isifo se-calcium pyrophosphate
• I-juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (ezinganeni)
• Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane
• I-psoriatic arthritis
• I-arthritis esebenzayo
• I-rheumatoid arthritis (kubantu abadala)
• I-Scleroderma
• Uhlelo lupus erythematosus (SLE)

I-arthritis ibanga ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukuvuvukala, ukuqina, nokunyakaza okulinganiselwe. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• Ukuvuvukala okuhlangene
• Ikhono elehlisiwe lokuhambisa ijoyini
• Ububomvu nokufudumala kwesikhumba ezungeze ilunga
• Ukuqina okuhlangene, ikakhulukazi ekuseni

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba abuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungakhombisa:

• Uketshezi oluzungeze ilunga
• Amalunga afudumele, abomvu, athambile
• Kunzima ukuhambisa ukujoyina (okubizwa ngokuthi "ibanga elinganiselwe lokunyakaza")

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-arthritis zingadala ukukhubazeka okuhlangene. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesifo samathambo esibi, esingalashwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nama-x-ray ahlangene kuvame ukwenziwa ukuhlola ukutheleleka nezinye izimbangela zesifo samathambo.

Umhlinzeki angaphinde asuse isampula loketshezi oluhlangene ngenaliti bese eluthumela ebhodini ukuze lihlolwe amakristalu okuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka.

Imbangela eyimbangela kaningi ayelapheki. Inhloso yokwelashwa uku:

• Nciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala
• Thuthukisa umsebenzi
• Vimbela okunye ukulimala okuhlangene

IZINGUQUKO ZOKUPHILA

Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila yindlela yokwelashwa ekhethwayo ye-osteoarthritis nezinye izinhlobo zokuvuvukala okuhlangene. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungasiza ukuqeda ukuqina, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokukhathala, futhi kuthuthukise amandla emisipha namathambo. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lingakusiza ukuklama uhlelo lokuzivocavoca olulungele wena.

Izinhlelo zokuzivocavoca zingafaka:

• Umsebenzi we-aerobic onomthelela ophansi (obizwa nangokuthi ukuvivinya umzimba) njengokuhamba
• Ububanzi bokuzivocavoca kokunyakaza kokuguquguquka
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla kwethoni yemisipha

Umhlinzeki wakho angaphakamisa ukwelashwa ngokomzimba. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukushisa noma iqhwa.
• Izipikili noma ama-orthotic wokuxhasa amalunga nokusiza ukuthuthukisa isikhundla sazo. Lokhu kuvame ukudingeka kwisifo samathambo.
• Ukwelashwa kwamanzi.
• Ukubhucungwa.

Ezinye izinto ongazenza zifaka:

• Lala kakhulu. Ukulala amahora ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayishumi ebusuku nokulala emini kungakusiza ukuthi usheshe ubuye ekuqhakambeni, futhi kungasiza nokuvikela ukuqhuma.
• Gwema ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside kakhulu.
• Gwema izikhundla noma ukunyakaza okubeka ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe emajoyini akho abuhlungu.
• Shintsha ikhaya lakho ukuze wenze imisebenzi ibe lula. Isibonelo, faka imigoqo yokubamba eshaweni, kubhavu, nasendlini yangasese.
• Zama imisebenzi yokwehlisa ingcindezi, njengokuzindla, i-yoga, noma i-tai chi.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo okugcwele izithelo nemifino, okuqukethe amavithamini namaminerali abalulekile, ikakhulukazi uvithamini E.
• Yidla ukudla okunothile ku-omega-3 fatty acids, njengezinhlanzi zamanzi abandayo (i-salmon, i-mackerel, ne-herring), i-flaxseed, i-rapeseed (i-canola) uwoyela, ubhontshisi, uwoyela wesoya, imbewu yamathanga nama-walnuts.
• Gwema ukubhema nokuphuza ngokweqile.
• Faka ukhilimu we-capsaicin ngaphezu kwamalunga akho abuhlungu. Ungazizwa ungcono ngemuva kokufaka ukhilimu izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezi-7.
• Yehlisa isisindo, uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile. Ukwehla kwesisindo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ubuhlungu obuhlangene emilenzeni nasezinyaweni.
• Sebenzisa umhlanga ukunciphisa izinhlungu ezivela enqulwini, emadolweni, emaqakaleni noma ezinyaweni.

IMITHI

Imithi ingahle inikezwe kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila. Yonke imithi inezingozi ezithile. Kufanele ulandelwe eduze ngudokotela lapho uthatha imithi ye-arthritis, ngisho naleyo oyithenga ngaphezu kwekhawunta.

Imithi ethengiswayo

• I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol) imvamisa umuthi wokuqala ozama ukunciphisa izinhlungu. Thatha kuze kufike ku-3,000 ngosuku (ama-2-arthritis Tylenol njalo emahoreni ayi-8). Ukuvimbela ukulimala kwesibindi sakho, ungathathi ngaphezu komthamo onconyiwe. Njengoba imishanguzo eminingi itholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela equkethe ne-etaminophen, kuzodingeka uyihlanganise nobungako bezinsuku ezingama-3,000. Futhi, gwema utshwala lapho uthatha i-etaminophen.
• I-Aspirin, ibuprofen, noma i-naproxen yizidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) ezingadambisa ubuhlungu be-arthritis. Kodwa-ke, zingaba nezingozi lapho zisetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ihlanganisa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, izilonda zesisu, ukopha okuvela emgudwini wokugaya ukudla, nokulimala kwezinso.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-arthritis, eminye imithi ethile ingahle inikezwe:

• ICorticosteroids ("steroids") isiza ekwehliseni ukuvuvukala. Zingajojelwa emalungeni abuhlungu noma zinikezwe ngomlomo.
• Izidakamizwa zokuguqula izifo ezilwa nezifo (i-DMARDs) zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-autoimmune arthritis ne-SLE
• I-Biologics ne-kinase inhibitor isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-autoimmune arthritis. Zinganikezwa ngomjovo noma ngomlomo.
• Nge-gout, kungasetshenziswa imithi ethile yokwehlisa amazinga e-uric acid.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha imithi yakho njengokuyalelwa ngumhlinzeki wakho. Uma unezinkinga zokwenza kanjalo (ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yemiphumela emibi), kufanele ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho. Futhi qiniseka ukuthi umhlinzeki wakho uyazi ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuzayo, kufaka phakathi amavithamini nezithako zokuthenga ezithengwe ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.

UKUHLOLA NEZINYE ZOKWELAPHA

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi futhi kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu ejoyinini.

Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukushintshwa okuhlangene, njengokushintshwa okuhlangene kwamadolo

Izinkinga ezimbalwa ezihlobene nesifo samathambo zingelashwa ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele. Kodwa-ke, eziningi zalezi zinkinga ziba yizinkinga zezempilo zesikhathi eside (ezingapheli) kepha zivame ukulawulwa kahle. Izinhlobo ezinolaka zezimo ezithile ze-arthritic zingaba nemiphumela ebalulekile ekuhambeni futhi kungaholela ekubandakanyeni kwezinye izitho zomzimba noma izinhlelo.

Izinkinga ze-arthritis zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besikhathi eside (obungapheli)
• Ukukhubazeka
• Kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Ubuhlungu bakho obuhlangene buqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu.
• Unezinhlungu ezihlangene ezingachazeki ezinzima.
• Ilunga elithintekile livuvuke kakhulu.
• Unenkinga enzima yokuhambisa ilunga.
• Isikhumba sakho esizungeze ilunga sibomvu noma siyashisa uma usithinta.
• Unomkhuhlane noma wehlise isisindo ungahlosile.

Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvikeleni ukulimala okuhlangene. Uma unomlando womndeni wesifo samathambo, tshela umhlinzeki wakho, noma ngabe awunabo ubuhlungu obuhlangene.

Ukugwema ukunyakaza ngokweqile, okuphindaphindwayo kungakusiza ekuvikeleni ku-osteoarthritis.

Ukuvuvukala okuhlangene; Ukonakala okuhlangene

• I-osteoarthritis
• I-osteoarthritis
• Isifo samathambo
• Isifo samathambo
• I-osteoarthritis vs. i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Isifo samathambo okhalweni
• Isifo samathambo
• Ukushintshwa okuhlangene kwamadolo - uchungechunge
• Ukubuyiselwa ngokuhlanganyela kwe-Hip - uchungechunge

I-Bykerk VP, iCrow MK. Sondela isiguli ngesifo samathambo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 241.

Inman RD. Ama-spondyloarthropathies. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 249.

UKraus VB, uVincent TL. I-osteoarthritis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 246.

UMcinnes Mina, O'Dell JR. Isifo samathambo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 248.

USingh JA, uSaag KG, uBridges SL Jr, et al. Umhlahlandlela we-2015 American College of Rheumatology wokwelashwa kwesifo samathambo. I-Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016; 68 (1): 1-26. I-PMID: 26545940 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26545940/.