I-Aspergillosis

I-Aspergillosis ukutheleleka noma ukusabela okweqile ngenxa ye-fungus ye-aspergillus.

I-Aspergillosis idalwa yisikhunta esibizwa nge-aspergillus. Isikhunta sivame ukutholakala sikhula emaqabeni afile, okusanhlamvu okugciniwe, izinqwaba zomquba, noma kwezinye izimila ezibolayo. Ingatholakala futhi emaqabungeni ensangu.

Yize iningi labantu livame ukuvezwa i-aspergillus, izifo ezibangelwa yifungus kuyaqabukela zenzeka kubantu abanamasosha omzimba aphilile.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-aspergillosis:

• I-allergener pulmonary aspergillosis iyisifo esibi ku-fungus. Lokhu kutheleleka kuvame ukukhula kubantu asebavele banezinkinga zamaphaphu njenge-asthma noma i-cystic fibrosis.
• I-Aspergilloma ukukhula (ibhola lefungus) elitholakala endaweni yesifo samaphaphu esidlule noma isibazi samaphaphu esifana nesifo sofuba noma ithumba lamaphaphu.
• I-aspergillosis yamaphaphu ehlaselayo iyisifo esibi esine-pneumonia. Ingasakazeka nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kutheleleka kwenzeka kaningi kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Lokhu kungavela kumdlavuza, ingculaza, i-leukemia, ukufakelwa komzimba, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, noma ezinye izimo noma izidakamizwa ezehlisa inani noma ukusebenza kwamaseli amhlophe egazi noma zenze buthakathaka amasosha omzimba.

Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni lokutheleleka.

Izimpawu ze-aspergillosis yamaphaphu ephikisayo ingafaka:

• Khwehlela
• Ukukhwehlela igazi noma amapulaki amafinyila anombala onsundu
• Imfiva
• Ukuzizwa okujwayelekile (malaise)
• Ukuqhuma
• Ukwehla kwesisindo

Ezinye izimpawu zincike engxenyeni yomzimba ethintekile, futhi zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu bamathambo
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Amakhaza
• Ukwehla kokukhishwa komchamo
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda
• Ukwandiswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-phlegm, okungenzeka kube negazi
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Izilonda zesikhumba (izilonda)
• Izinkinga zombono

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthola ukutheleleka kwe-aspergillus kufaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Aspergillus antibody
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi
• Iskena se-CT
• IGalactomannan (i-molecule kashukela evela ku-fungus kwesinye isikhathi etholakala egazini)
• Izinga legazi le-Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
• Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yamaphaphu
• Ibala lesikhohlela namasiko esikhutha (ukufuna i-aspergillus)
• I-biopsy yezicubu

Ibhola lesikhunta ngokuvamile alelapheki ngemithi yokubulala izinhlungu ngaphandle kwalapho kuphuma ukopha ezicutshini zamaphaphu. Esimweni esinjalo, kudingeka ukuhlinzwa nemithi.

I-aspergillosis ehlaselwe iphathwa ngamasonto ambalwa omuthi wokubulala. Inganikezwa ngomlomo noma nge-IV (emthanjeni). I-Endocarditis ebangelwa i-aspergillus iphathwa ngokufaka esikhundleni se-valves yenhliziyo enesifo. Izidakamizwa zesikhathi eside zokulwa nezikhunta nazo ziyadingeka.

I-allergies aspergillosis yelashwa ngemithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba (imishanguzo yokuvikela umzimba), efana ne-prednisone.

Ngokwelashwa, abantu abane-aspergillosis yokungezwani komzimba bavame ukuba ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuvamile ukuthi lesi sifo sibuye (sibuyele emuva) futhi sidinga ukwelashwa okuphindiwe.

Uma i-aspergillosis engenayo ingabi ngcono ngokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, ekugcineni iholela ekufeni. Umbono we-aspergillosis engenayo futhi uncike kwisifo somuntu kanye nempilo yesistimu yomzimba.

Izinkinga zempilo ezivela kulesi sifo noma ekwelashweni zifaka:

• I-Amphotericin B ingadala ukulimala kwezinso nemiphumela engemihle efana nomkhuhlane namakhaza
• I-Bronchiectasis (ukusika unomphela nokwandiswa kwamasaka amancane emaphashini)
• Isifo samaphaphu esihlaselayo singadala ukopha okukhulu emaphashini
• Imicu ixhuma ezindleleni zomoya
• Ukuvinjelwa unomphela komoya
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uba nezimpawu ze-aspergillosis noma uma unesifo somzimba esibuthakathaka futhi uba nomkhuhlane.

Kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuqapha lapho usebenzisa imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba.

Ukutheleleka kwe-Aspergillus

• I-Aspergilloma
• I-aspergillosis yamaphaphu
• I-Aspergillosis - i-x-ray yesifuba

IPatterson TF. Aspergillus izinhlobo. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 259.

UWalsh TJ. I-Aspergillosis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 339.