I-Cryptococcosis

I-Cryptococcosis ukutheleleka ngesikhunta I-Cryptococcus neoformans futhi I-Cryptococcus gattii.

C ama-neoformans futhi C gattii yizikhunta ezibanga lesi sifo. Ukutheleleka nge C ama-neoformans ubonakala emhlabeni wonke. Ukutheleleka nge C gattii iye yabonakala ikakhulukazi esifundeni sasePacific Northwest e-United States, eBritish Columbia eCanada, e-Southeast Asia nase-Australia. I-Cryptococcus yisikhunta esivame kakhulu esidala ukutheleleka okukhulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Zombili lezi zinhlobo zesikhunta zitholakala emhlabathini. Uma uphefumulela ukhunta ngaphakathi, kuthelela amaphaphu akho. Ukutheleleka kungazimela, kuhlale emaphashini kuphela, noma kusabalale emzimbeni wonke (kusatshalaliswa). C ama-neoformans ukutheleleka kuvame ukubonakala kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njengalabo:

• Bangenwe yi-HIV / AIDS
• Thatha imithamo ephezulu yemithi ye-corticosteroid
• Umdlavuza
• Ingabe imithi ye-chemotherapy yomdlavuza
• Yiba nesifo se-Hodgkin
• Ngibe nokufakelwa komzimba

C gattii kungathinta abantu abanamasosha omzimba ajwayelekile.

C ama-neoformans iyimbangela esongela impilo kunazo zonke yokutheleleka kwesikhunta kubantu abane-HIV / AIDS.

Abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-40 banalo leli gciwane.

Ukutheleleka kungadlulela ebuchosheni kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Izimpawu ze-Neurological (brain) ziqala kancane. Iningi labantu linokuvuvukala nokucasuka kobuchopho nomgogodla lapho kutholakala. Izimpawu zokutheleleka kobuchopho zingafaka:

• Imfiva nekhanda
• Ukuqina kwentamo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukubona okufiphele noma umbono ophindwe kabili
• Ukudideka

Ukutheleleka kungathinta namaphaphu nezinye izitho. Izimpawu zamaphaphu zingafaka:

• Kunzima ekuphefumuleni
• Khwehlela
• Ubuhlungu besifuba

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu bamathambo noma isisa sesifuba
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba, kufaka phakathi ukukhomba izindawo ezibomvu (petechiae), izilonda, noma ezinye izilonda zesikhumba
• Ukujuluka - okungavamile, ngokweqile ebusuku
• Izindlala ezivuvukile
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokungenhloso

Abantu abanamasosha omzimba aphilile kungenzeka bangabi nazimpawu nhlobo.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu nomlando wokuhamba. Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungaveza:

• Ukuphefumula okungavamile kuzwakala
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Imfiva
• Izimo zengqondo ziyashintsha
• Intamo eqinile

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Isiko legazi lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwesikhunta ezimbili
• I-CT scan yekhanda
• Amasiko nesikhohlela
• I-biopsy yamaphaphu
• I-bronchoscopy ne-bronchoalveolar lavage
• Thepha umgogodla ukuthola isampula le-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Isiko leCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nezinye izivivinyo ukuhlola izimpawu zokutheleleka
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen kwe-Cryptococcal (kubheka i-molecule ethile ekhishwa odongeni lweseli lwe I-Cryptococcus ukhunta egazini noma ku-CSF)

Imithi yefungal inqunyelwe abantu abanegciwane le-cryptococcus.

Imithi ifaka:

• I-Amphotericin B (ingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu)
• I-Flucytosine
• I-Fluconazole

Ukubandakanyeka kwesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi kuvame ukudala ukufa noma kuholele ekulimaleni unomphela.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uba nezimpawu ze-cryptococcosis, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo somzimba esibuthakathaka.

C. neoformans var. ukutheleleka kwe-neoformans; C. neoformans var. ukutheleleka kwe-gatti; C. neoformans var. ukutheleleka kwe-grubii

• I-Cryptococcus - cutaneous esandleni
• I-Cryptococcosis ebunzini
• Isikhunta

IKauffman CA, Chen SC-A. I-Cryptococcosis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 317.

I-JR ephelele. I-Cryptococcosis (I-Cryptococcus neoformans ne-Cryptococcus gattii). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 262.

URobles WS, u-Ameen M. Cryptococcosis. Ku: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Berth-Jones J, Coulson IH, abahleli. Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Zesikhumba: Amasu Wokwelashwa Okuphelele. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 49.