Izindlela Ezi-5 Zokulawula Ukuzalwa Ezingahluleka

-Delile

• Izinkinga Zamaphilisi
• Izinkinga Zekhondomu
• Inkinga ye-Tubal Ligation
• Inzalo Snafus
• Izinkinga ze-IUD
• Buyekeza kwe-

Mhlawumbe ubulokhu usebenzisa iPilisi kusukela uneminyaka engu-16. Noma mhlawumbe ungumuntu ogcina ikhondomu esikhwameni sakho-nje uma kwenzeka. Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela oyikhethayo yokuvimbela inzalo, uyaqiniseka ukuthi ukuyisebenzisa kusho ukuthi ngeke udlale iqhubu lengane esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, kufanele ukwazi ukuphefumula kalula: Ukulawulwa kokuzalwa kwesimanje kusebenza kakhulu. Kodwa akukho okusebenzayo ngamaphesenti angu-100 esikhathi, futhi ama-slipups avela kaningi kunalokho ongase ucabange. Ngokusho kweGuttmacher Institute, ukukhuphuka okungamaphesenti angama-49 kukho konke ukukhulelwa e-United States akuhlosiwe-futhi akubona bonke abazithola bengqongqoza kungalindelekile ababebuthisa ngezigaba ezenzelwe ucansi. Eqinisweni, ingxenye yabo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwa ngephutha babesebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lokulawula inzalo.

Pho kwenzakalani? Okuningi kufinyelela emaphutheni omsebenzisi, njengokungawanaki ukuthatha izivimbelinzalo zomlomo nsuku zonke. "Ukuphila kumatasa futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi kubantu abaningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukucabanga ngento eyodwa kungaphezu kwamandla," kusho uKatharine O'Connell White, M.D., isikhulu sophiko lwezokubelethisa kanye ne-gynecology e-Baystate Medical Center e-Springfield, MA.

Vele, ukunakekela okungeziwe okungalindelekile emndenini wakho akuyona into elula futhi. Nakhu okungahambanga kahle kubafundi abahlanu, kanye namasu okukulungisa.

Izinkinga Zamaphilisi

USarah Kehoe

UJennifer Mathewson wayeyiphoyisa e-Air Force ngenkathi eba nesifo somchamo. Udokotela wakhe wamfaka kuma-antibiotic kodwa akazange asho ukuthi kungaphazamisa umuthi wokuvimbela inzalo awuthathayo. Ngolunye usuku emile elalele futhi elalele usayitsheni ekhipha imiyalo yosuku, waquleka. Yize ukuba nekhanda kuyisibonakaliso esivamile sokukhulelwa, wayengazi ukuthi wayelindele aze afike esibhedlela futhi ahlolwe igazi. "Bengingashadile futhi ngineminyaka engu-19 kuphela, ngakho-ke benginovalo olukhulu," kusho uMathewson, manje oneminyaka engama-32 futhi osebenza njengentatheli e-Idaho. "Kodwa bengifuna ukuba nengane, futhi ngiyabonga ukuthi ngiyitholile."

Ziyini Izinkinga?

Uma lisetshenziswe kahle, iphilisi elihlanganisiwe (eline-estrogen ne-progesterone) kanye ne-progestin-only minipill lisebenza ngamaphesenti angama-99.7. Kodwa lelo nani lehla laya kumaphesenti angu-91 ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukusetshenziswa okuvamile”—okusho indlela abesifazane abaningi abayithatha ngayo. "Kwezinye izimo, izinga lokwehluleka lingafinyelela kumaphesenti angama-20 ngoba bakhohlwa ukuwaphuza njalo noma aphelelwa amaphilisi futhi awatholi ukugcwaliswa khona manjalo," kuphawula u-Andrew M. Kaunitz, MD, usihlalo we- zokubelethisa kanye nezifo zabesifazane eNyuvesi yaseFlorida College of Medicine-Jacksonville.

Zivikele

1. Isikhathi esifanele. Ukupopa Iphilisi ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke kuwukuhlakanipha, futhi kubalulekile uma uthatha inguqulo encane ye-progestin kuphela (amahomoni akuwo asebenza amahora angu-24 kuphela). Uma ujwayele ukukhohlwa, hlela ifoni yakho ukuthi ikukhalele, zama uhlelo lokusebenza olufana ne-Drugs.com Isikhumbuzi Samaphilisi ($ 1; itunes.com), noma ube nomkhuba wokuyidla nebhulakufesi. Ngabe kusenzima ukuhlala kuhlelo? Cabangela ukushintshela kupeshi noma iringi esebenza ngokulinganayo, okufanele uyishintshe kuphela masonto onke noma nyanga zonke.

2. Qaphela imithi yakho. Noma nini lapho ugcwalisa incwadi kadokotela yomuthi omusha, funda okufakiwe noma ubuze udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuthi kungase kubeke engcupheni ukusebenza kwePhilisi engozini. Ngoba izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo zomlomo zihlanganiswa nesibindi, eminye imishanguzo esetshenzwa ngale ndlela ifaka amanye ama-antibiotic, ama-anti-fungal, kanye nemithi yokulwa nokubanjwa-ingahle iphazamise, kuchaza uSarah Prager, MD, onguprofesa ohlangene wezokubelethisa nokubelethisa e-University of Washington School of Medicine. Uma ungabaza, sebenzisa amakhondomu. Ukuvikela okwengeziwe nakho kufanelekile uma unesiphazamisi esiswini futhi uhlanze phakathi namahora amabili noma amathathu uphuze iphilisi lakho (ukholwa noma ungakholwa, lokho kuthathwa njengomthamo ogejiwe).

Izinkinga Zekhondomu

Sarah Kehoe

Ngehlobo eledlule, uLia Lam wayelala nesoka elisha ngesikhathi ezwa ukuthi ikhondomu ababeyisebenzisa iphukile. "Kodwa bengicabanga ukuthi ngimane ngiphanjaniswa ingqondo futhi angisho lutho," kusho uLam, 31, ongumlingisi eVancouver, eCanada. Ngemuva kokuqeda kwabo, wakhipha futhi kwaqinisekiswa ukuzingela kwakhe: Ingxenye engezansi yekhondomu yayisengaphakathi kuye. Uma ebheka emuva, uLam ucabanga ukuthi lesi sigameko senzeke ngoba ubenokoma kakhulu ngesikhathi enza isenzo. “Asizange sithuke, kodwa sasinenyanga eyodwa nohhafu sithandana futhi singakakulungeli ukuba abazali,” usho kanje. Ngakho-ke balibhekisa esitolo sezidakamizwa ukuyothenga izinto zokuvimbela inzalo eziphuthumayo (iphilisi "ekuseni-emva"), evimbela ukukhulelwa ngokuhlehlisa ukuvuthwa kweqanda noma ngokumisa iqanda elikhulelisiwe ekufakweni kwesibeletho.

Ayini Amathuba?

Uma esetshenziswa njengoba kuhlosiwe, amakhondomu abesilisa e-latex (uhlobo oluvame kakhulu) asebenza ngamaphesenti angama-98; ngokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile, lelo nani lehla laya kumaphesenti angama-82. (Ezinye izinhlobo, njengalezo ezenziwe nge-lambskin ne-polyurethane, zingasebenza kancane, kepha ziyizinketho ezinhle uma wena noma umfana wakho nixabana ne-latex. sekwephuze kakhulu, noma ziphuka ngesikhathi socansi.

Zivikele

1. Buka ikhono lakhe. Umfana wakho kufanele afake ikhondomu ngaphambi kokuthi isitho sakhe sangasese sifike noma kuphi eduze kwesifunda sakho sangasese. Kufanele ayincinze ikhondomu, ayigingqe phansi kancane ukuze kuphume wonke umoya futhi kube nendawo yokuqoqa isidoda, futhi asikhiphe ngemva nje kokuphuma isidoda (ngenkathi esaqinile). Ukuyibamba ngezansi komthondo njengoba ikhishiwe kuzosiza ukuvikela ukuchitheka.

2. Lube phezulu. Njengoba uLam afundile, ukungqubuzana ngokweqile kungadala ukuthi ikhondomu idabuke. Khetha i-lubricant esekwe emanzini noma nge-silicone. Ihayi-cha ecacile: ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo esekwe uwoyela noma uphethiloli, engabeka engozini ubuqotho be-latex.

3. Bheka izinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Amakhondomu anempilo eshalofini, okungafanele inganakwa. Futhi uma injoloba ibonakala yomile noma iqine lapho ikhishwa ephaketheni, yiphonse.

4. Yiba ne-backup plan. Uma ikhondomu yehluleka, landela ukuhola kukaLam futhi uthenge izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo eziphuthumayo. Kunemikhiqizo emithathu: i-ella, i-Next Choice One Dose, ne-Plan B. Noma ngubani oneminyaka engu-15 noma ngaphezulu angazithenga ngaphandle kadokotela, noma kunjalo kuzodingeka ubuze usokhemisi ngoba zigcinwa ngemuva kwekhawunta. Unezinsuku ezifika ezinhlanu zokuthatha i-ella; ezinye kumele zisetshenziswe kungakapheli amahora angama-72.

Inkinga ye-Tubal Ligation

USarah Kehoe

Ngemuva kokuthi uCrystal Consylman abelethe ingane yakhe yesithathu eneminyaka engama-21, wanquma ukuthola i-tubal ligation (aka ukubopha amashubhu akhe), inqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho kusikwa noma kuvinjelwe amashubhu we-fallopian ukuvimbela unomphela ukukhulelwa. Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kamuva, ngo-2006, wethuka lapho ezwa ukuthi ukhulelwe. Kwakuyi-ectopic pregnancy, okusho ukuthi umbungu wawufakwe ngaphandle kwesibeletho futhi wawungakwazi ukuphila. “Ngangopha kakhulu ngaphakathi futhi ngacishe ngafa,” kukhumbula uConsylman, manje oneminyaka engu-35, osebenza enkampanini yabameli eLancaster, PA. Lapho ephuthunyiswa ukuyohlinzwa okuphuthumayo, wacabanga ukuthi udokotela ohlinzayo ulungise i-tubal ligation eboshiwe-kodwa akunjalo. Ngemva kokukhulelwa kwesibili kwe-ectopic ezinyangeni ezingu-18 kamuva, amashubhu akhe esibeletho akhishwa ngokuphelele.

Ayini Amathuba?

Ukuvala inzalo kwabesifazane kusebenza ngamaphesenti angama-99.5, kodwa iziphetho zamashubhu kwesinye isikhathi ziyazithola zibuyela ndawonye. Esimweni esingavamile lapho ukhulelwa ngemva kwalokho, kunamathuba angamaphesenti angu-33 okuba i-ectopic ngoba iqanda elivundisiwe lingabanjwa endaweni eyonakele.

Zivikele

1. Khetha udokotela ohlinzayo ngokucophelela. Funa udokotela wezifo zabesifazane oqinisekiswe yibhodi owenze le nqubo okungenani izikhathi eziningana.

2. Landela izinqubo ze-post-op. Ukuba namashubhu akho aboshiwe kufanele akunikeze ngokushesha oyinyumba, kepha udokotela wakho angafuna ukuthi ungene ekulandeleni emasontweni ambalwa kamuva ukubona ukuthi uphulukiswa kahle yini. Futhi uma ukhetha enye i-tubal ligation-efana ne-Essure, inketho entsha lapho kufakwa khona amakhoyili amancane kumashubhu e-fallopian ukuwavimba - uzodinga i-X-ray ekhethekile ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amashubhu avaliwe ngokuphelele. Okwamanje, uzofuna ukusebenzisa inzalo yokusekelayo.

Inzalo Snafus

USarah Kehoe

Ngemuva kokuthola izingane ezimbili, uLisa Cooper nomyeni wakhe banquma ukuthi umndeni wabo uphelele, ngakho-ke waba ne-vasectomy. Kodwa eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, usomabhizinisi wesifazane waseShreveport, LA waqala ukukhuluphala ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo futhi wabona ngaphandle kwesikhathi esigcwele. Ngenxa yokuthi wayeneminyaka engu-37, wayibhala kuze kube yi-perimenopause. "Ngesikhathi ngenza ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa futhi ngiya kudokotela, ngase nginamasonto ayi-19," kusho uCooper, manje oneminyaka engama-44. Kuvele ukuthi umyeni wakhe weqe ukuhlolwa kokulandelwa, okuyiyona ndlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwaba yimpumelelo. Ngemuva kokwamukela izingane zabo zesithathu nezesine, umyeni kaCooper waya e-vasectomy yesibili-futhi kulokhu wabona udokotela wakhe ngemuva kwalokho njengoba kunconyiwe.

Yiziphi Izimo?

I-vasectomy inamaphesenti angama-99.9 asebenzayo, okwenza kube yindlela yokulawula inzalo ethembeke kunazo zonke etholakalayo. Kepha nalapha, iphutha lomuntu lingenzeka. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa le nqubo, i-vas deferens, ishubhu elihambisa isidoda emgodini ophumayo, liyasikwa noma liboshwe, kuchaza uPhilip Darney, MD, uprofesa wezokubelethisa, izifo zabesifazane, kanye nesayensi yokuzala e-University of California, eSan Francisco. Kepha uma i-snip yenziwa endaweni engafanele, ngeke isebenze. Enye ingqubuzana engaba khona: "Iziphetho ezihlukanisiwe zingakhula zibuyele ndawonye uma zingasabalaliswanga ziqhelelene ngokwanele."

Zivikele

1. Khetha udokotela ohlinzayo oqinile. Njengaku-tubing ligation, khetha umhlinzeki oqinisekiswe yibhodi futhi onenqubo eningi ngaphansi kwebhande lakhe. Udokotela wakho wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko angase anikeze izincomo eziningana. Futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuhlakaniphile ukubheka kummeli kadokotela; ibhodi lamalayisensi lesifunda sakho lingakunikeza ulwazi mayelana nanoma yimaphi amasudi angalungile.

2. Lindela uphawu olucace bha. Indaba kaCooper ikhombisa ukubaluleka kokuthi umlingani wakho ahlolelwe isidoda cishe izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kwenqubo; kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyinyumba. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, sebenzisa enye indlela yokuvimbela inzalo.

Izinkinga ze-IUD

Izithombe ze-Getty

Ngo-2005, uKristen Brown wanquma ukuthola i-IUD (intrauterine device) ngoba wayezwile ukuthi ayinangqondo. Yena nomyeni wakhe bebevele banezingane ezintathu futhi bebengakulungele ukuthola ezinye. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, uBrown waqala ukuzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu bezitho zangasese nokopha kakhulu. Ekhathazekile kungenzeka abe ne-fibroids noma i-endometriosis, waya kobheka i-ob-gyn yakhe, eyamazisa ukuthi ukhulelwe. Ngenxa yokopha, walaliswa embhedeni, kepha ngemuva kwenyanga waphuphunyelwa yisisu. "Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakubuhlungu kakhulu ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba, futhi ngilahlekelwe igazi eliningi kakhulu kangangokuthi ngacishe ngadinga ukumpontshelwa," kukhumbula uBrown, manje oneminyaka engama-42 futhi engumbhali eJacksonville, FL. Odokotela abakaze babone ukuthi yini engahambi kahle nge-IUD, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi yasuka endaweni yayo yokuqala. UBrown uthi, "Le nhlekelele yachitha umbono wami ngokuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kokulawulwa kokubeletha."

Yiziphi Izimo?

I-IUD, ithuluzi elincane elenziwe ngo- "T" elifakwa esibelethweni ukuvimbela isidoda ekuvundiseni iqanda, lisebenza ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-99 ngokusetshenziswa okuphelele nokujwayelekile. Nakuba kuyivelakancane kakhulu, isizathu esivame kakhulu esenza ukuthi ama-IUD ahluleke yingoba ayangena emlonyeni wesibeletho. I-IUD nayo ingaxoshwa esibelethweni, mhlawumbe unganakile. (Ngokwesibonelo, ungawukhipha endlini yangasese.) Ukuba nama-polyps, ama-fibroids, noma ukufinyela okuqinile kwesibeletho (okubangela amajaqamba amabi wokuya esikhathini) kungandisa ingozi yokuphuma kwayo.

Zivikele

1. Hlola isimo. Abakhiqizi basikisela ukuthi kanye ngenyanga uqiniseke ukuthi intambo yepulasitiki engu-1- kuya ku-2-intshi enamathiselwe kule divayisi ilenga phansi ngomlomo wesibeletho ungene esithweni sangasese sowesifazane njengoba kufanele. Uma ilahlekile noma ibonakala inde kunokujwayelekile, bona udokotela wakho (bese usebenzisa ukulawula ukubeletha okuyisipele okwamanje). Kodwa ungalokothi udonse intambo. "Abesifazane bawasuse ngephutha ama-IUD abo ngale ndlela," kuxwayisa uPrager.

2. Qala ngamandla. Uma ukhetha iParaGard (ithusi le-IUD), kufanele isebenze ngokushesha nje lapho uyithola. ISkyla neMirena, aqukethe inani elincane le-progestin, nawo asebenza ngokushesha uma efakwa zingakapheli izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokuqala kwesikhathi sakho; uma kungenjalo, sebenzisa indlela yokusekelayo isonto elilodwa. ISkyla inhle kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, iMirena ihlala kuze kube mihlanu, kanti iParaGard ingahlala kuze kube yishumi. "Sithi ama-IUDs yizindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ezikhohlwayo," kusho uKaunitz, "ngoba awudingi ukukhumbula noma yini ukuze uhlale uvikelekile. "

Buyekeza kwe-