Amarabi

Amarabi ayigciwane elibulalayo elibhebhetheka kakhulu yizilwane ezinesifo.

Ukutheleleka kubangelwa igciwane lamarabi. Amarabi asakazwa ngamathe anegciwane angena emzimbeni ngokulunywa noma ngesikhumba esonakele. Leli gciwane lisuka enxebeni liye ebuchosheni, lapho lidala ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala. Lokhu kuvuvukala kuholela ezimpawu zesifo. Ukufa okuningi kwamarabi kwenzeka ezinganeni.

Esikhathini esedlule, amacala amarabi abantu e-United States ayevame ukuvela ngokulunywa yinja. Muva nje, amacala amaningi amarabi abantu axhumene namalulwane kanye nama-raccoon. Ukulunywa yizinja kuyimbangela evamile yamarabi emazweni asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi e-Asia nase-Afrika. Akukabi bikho mibiko yamarabi abangelwa ukulunywa yizinja e-United States iminyaka ethile ngenxa yokugonywa kwezilwane okwandile.

Ezinye izilwane zasendle ezingasabalalisa igciwane lamarabi zifaka:

• Izimpungushe
• Abaklwebhekile

Ezimweni ezingavamile, amarabi adluliselwe ngaphandle kokulunywa kwangempela. Lolu hlobo lokutheleleka kukholakala ukuthi lubangelwa amathe analesi sifo asengene emoyeni, imvamisa emigedeni yelulwane.

Isikhathi esiphakathi kokutheleleka nalapho ugula sisukela ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye eminyakeni eyi-7. Lesi sikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokufukamela. Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokufukamela amasonto amathathu kuye kwayi-12.

Ukwesaba amanzi (i-hydrophobia) uphawu oluvame kakhulu. Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukumunca amathe
• Ukuquleka
• Indawo yokuluma ibucayi kakhulu
• Ukushintsha kwemizwelo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa endaweni yomzimba
• Ukulahleka kwemisipha
• Umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi (102 ° F noma u-38.8 ° C, noma ngaphansi) ngekhanda
• Ukudumba kwemisipha
• Ukuba ndikindiki nokushosheka
• Ubuhlungu esizeni sokulunywa
• Ukungahlaliseki
• Ukugwinya ubunzima (ukuphuza kubangela ukuqaqamba kwebhokisi lezwi)
• Ukusangana

Uma isilwane sikuluma, zama ukuqoqa imininingwane eminingi ngesilwane ngangokunokwenzeka. Shayela iziphathimandla zangakini zokulawulwa kwezilwane ukuthi zisibambe ngokuphepha isilwane. Uma kusolwa ukuthi kunamarabi, lesi silwane sizobhekelwa izimpawu zamarabi.

Ukuhlola okukhethekile okubizwa nge-immunofluorescence kusetshenziselwa ukubheka izicubu zobuchopho ngemuva kokuthi isilwane sesifile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungaveza ukuthi isilwane sasinamarabi yini.

Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzokuhlola bese ebheka ukulunywa. Isilonda sizohanjiswa futhi silashwe.

Ukuhlolwa okufanayo okusetshenziswa ezilwaneni kungenziwa ukubheka amarabi kubantu. Isivivinyo sisebenzisa ucezu lwesikhumba kusuka entanyeni. Umhlinzeki angahle abheke igciwane le-rabies ematheni akho noma kumgogodla uketshezi, yize lezi zivivinyo zingazweli futhi zingadinga ukuphindwa.

Umpompi womgogodla ungenziwa ukubheka izimpawu zokutheleleka ku-fluid yakho yomgogodla. Okunye ukuhlolwa okwenziwe kungafaka:

• I-MRI yobuchopho
• I-CT yekhanda

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuqeda izimpawu zesilonda sokulunywa nokuhlola ubungozi bokutheleleka ngamarabi. Hlanza isilonda kahle ngensipho namanzi bese ufuna usizo lwezokwelapha. Uzodinga umhlinzeki ukuhlanza isilonda futhi ususe noma yiziphi izinto zangaphandle. Isikhathi esiningi, imithungo akufanele isetshenziselwe izilonda zokulunywa yizilwane.

Uma kukhona ubungozi bamarabi, uzonikezwa uchungechunge lomuthi wokuvimbela. Umuthi wokugoma ngokuvamile unikezwa ngemithamo emi-5 ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-28. Ama-antibiotic awathinti igciwane le-rabies.

Iningi labantu liphinde lithole ukwelashwa okubizwa ngama-human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG). Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ngosuku lapho kulume khona.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho khona manjalo ngemuva kokulunywa isilwane noma ngemuva kokuchayeka ezilwaneni ezinjengamalulwane, izimpungushe, kanye nezigebenga. Bangase baphathe amarabi.

• Shayela noma kungalwanga lutho.
• Ukugoma kanye nokwelashwa kwamarabi okungenzeka kunconyiwe okungenani izinsuku eziyi-14 ngemuva kokuchayeka noma ukulunywa.

Akukho ukwelashwa okwaziwayo kwabantu abanezimpawu zokutheleleka ngamarabi, kepha kube nemibiko embalwa yabantu abasinda ngemithi yokuhlola.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uvimbele amarabi uma uthola umuthi wokugoma ngokushesha ngemuva kokulunywa. Kuze kube manje, akekho noyedwa e-United States osethole amarabi lapho enikezwa umuthi wokugoma ngokushesha nangokufanele.

Lapho nje izimpawu sezivele, umuntu kuyaqabukela asinde kulesi sifo, noma elashwa. Ukufa ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuphefumula kuvame ukwenzeka zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 izimpawu ziqale.

Amarabi yisifo esisongela impilo. Uma isingelashwa, amarabi angaholela ekuqulekeni nasekufeni.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nokungezwani komzimba nomuthi wokugoma wamarabi.

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo uma isilwane sikuluma.

Ukusiza ukuvimbela amarabi:

• Gwema ukuxhumana nezilwane ongazazi.
• Goma uma usebenza emsebenzini onobungozi obukhulu noma uhambela amazwe anezinga eliphakeme lamarabi.
• Qiniseka ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo zithola imigomo efanele. Buza udokotela wakho wezilwane.
• Qiniseka ukuthi isilwane sakho asihlangani nanoma yiziphi izilwane zasendle.
• Landela imithethonqubo yokuhlukaniswa nokungeniswa kwezinja nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo emazweni angenazo izifo.

I-Hydrophobia; Ukulunywa kwezilwane - amarabi; Ukulunywa yinja - amarabi; Ukulunywa yilulwane - amarabi; Ukulunywa yiRaccoon - amarabi

• Amarabi
• Isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi nesistimu yezinzwa ezungezayo
• Amarabi

IBullard-Berent J. Amarabi. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 123.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Amarabi. www.cdc.gov/rabies/index.html. Kubuyekezwe uSepthemba 25, 2020. Kufinyelelwe kuDisemba 2, 2020.

UWilliam B, uRupprecht CE, uBleck TP. Amarabi (ama-rhabdoviruses). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 163.