Uchoko

Uchoko yisifo esithathelwanayo esidalwa yigciwane I-Mycobacterium leprae. Lesi sifo sidala izilonda zesikhumba, ukulimala kwezinzwa, nobuthakathaka bemisipha obuye buba bucayi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Uchoko aluthelelani kakhulu futhi lunenkathi ende yokufukamela (isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu), okwenza kube nzima ukwazi ukuthi umuntu ubanjwe kuphi noma nini. Izingane zinamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo kunabantu abadala.

Iningi labantu elihlangana namagciwane alisitholi lesi sifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba akwazi ukulwa namagciwane. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi amabhaktheriya asakazeka lapho umuntu ephefumulela amaconsi amancane asemoyeni akhululwa lapho umuntu onochoko ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Amagciwane nawo angadluliselwa ngokuhlangana namanzi asekhaleni lomuntu onochoko. Uchoko lunezinhlobo ezimbili ezivamile: i-tuberculoid nepromous. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zikhiqiza izilonda esikhunjeni. Kodwa-ke, ifomu elixokozelayo linzima kakhulu. Kubanga izigaxa ezinkulu namaqhubu (amaqhuqhuva).

Uchoko luvamile emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke, nasezindaweni ezifudumele, ezishisayo nezishisayo. Cishe amacala ayi-100 ngonyaka atholakala e-United States. Amacala amaningi aseNingizimu, eCalifornia, eHawaii naseziqhingini zase-US naseGuam.

Imelana nemithi I-Mycobacterium leprae futhi ukwanda kwamacala emhlabeni jikelele kuholele ekukhathazekeni komhlaba jikelele kwalesi sifo.

Izimpawu zifaka:

• Izilonda zesikhumba ezilula ngaphezu kombala wakho wesikhumba ojwayelekile
• Izilonda ezehlise umuzwa wokuthinta, ukushisa, noma ubuhlungu
• Izilonda ezingapholi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukungazizwa ezandleni, ezingalweni, ezinyaweni nasemilenzeni

Ukuhlolwa okwenziwayo kufaka:

• Isikhumba lesion biopsy
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sochoko kungasetshenziselwa ukutshela izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zochoko ngaphandle, kepha ukuhlolwa akusetshenziswanga ukuxilonga lesi sifo.

Kusetshenziswa ama-antibiotic amaningana ukubulala amagciwane abanga lesi sifo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-dapsone, i-rifampin, i-clofazamine, i-fluoroquinolones, i-macrolides, ne-minocycline. Ngokuvamile kunikezwa ama-antibiotic angaphezu kwelilodwa ndawonye, ​​futhi imvamisa izinyanga.

I-Aspirin, i-prednisone, noma i-thalidomide isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuvuvukala.

Ukuthola isifo kusenesikhathi kubalulekile. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kunciphisa ukulimala, kuvimbela umuntu ukuthi asakaze isifo, futhi kunciphise nezinkinga zesikhathi eside.

Izinkinga zempilo ezingabangelwa uchoko zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhubazeka
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ukulimala unomphela kwezingalo nasemilenzeni
• Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa

Abantu abanochoko besikhathi eside bangalahlekelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezandla noma izinyawo zabo ngenxa yokulimala okuphindaphindiwe ngoba bengezwa lutho kulezo zindawo.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unezimpawu zochoko, ikakhulukazi uma uke waxhumana nomuntu onalesi sifo. Amacala ochoko e-United States abikwa kumaCenter for Disease Control and Prevention.

Abantu abasebenzisa umuthi wesikhathi eside baba abangatheleleki. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awudlulisi umzimba odala lesi sifo.

Isifo sikaHansen

UDupnik K. Uchoko (I-Mycobacterium leprae). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 250.

U-Ernst JD. Uchoko (isifo sikaHansen). Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 310.