Isifo se-Chagas

Isifo i-Chagas yisifo esibangelwa ama-parasites amancane futhi sisatshalaliswa yizinambuzane. Lesi sifo sivamile eNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi.

Isifo i-Chagas sibangelwa amagciwane I-Trypanosoma cruzi. Isatshalaliswa ukulunywa izimbungulu ze-reduviid, noma izimbungulu eziqabulayo, futhi ingenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo eNingizimu Melika. Ngenxa yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, lesi sifo sithinta nabantu baseMelika.

Izici ezinobungozi zesifo se-Chagas zifaka:

• Ukuhlala eqhugwaneni lapho izimbungulu zethu reduviid zihlala ezindongeni
• Ukuhlala eMelika Ephakathi noma eNingizimu Melika
• Ubumpofu
• Ukuthola ukumpontshelwa igazi kumuntu ophethe amagciwane, kepha angenaso isifo esisebenzayo seChagas

Isifo se-Chagas sinezigaba ezimbili: ezinzima futhi ezingapheli. Isigaba esibi singase singabi nazimpawu noma izimpawu ezincane kakhulu, kufaka phakathi:

• Imfiva
• Ukuzizwa okuvamile
• Ukuvuvukala kweso uma ukuluma kuseduze kweso
• Kuvuvukile indawo ebomvu endaweni yokulunywa yizinambuzane

Ngemuva kwesigaba esibucayi, lesi sifo siyaxolelwa. Azikho ezinye izimpawu ezingavela iminyaka eminingi. Lapho izimpawu ekugcineni zikhula, zingabandakanya:

• Ukuqunjelwa
• Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ubuhlungu esiswini
• Ukushaya inhliziyo noma ukugijima
• Ukugwinya ubunzima

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungaqinisekisa izimpawu. Izimpawu zesifo se-Chagas zingafaka:

• Isifo semisipha yenhliziyo
• Isibindi esikhulisiwe nobende
• Ama-lymph node akhulisiwe
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo

Izivivinyo zifaka:

• Isiko legazi ukubheka izimpawu zokutheleleka
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Echocardiogram (isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe zenhliziyo)
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG, ihlola umsebenzi kagesi enhliziyweni)
• I-immunoassay exhumene ne-enzyme (ELISA) ukubheka izimpawu zokutheleleka
• I-blood smear ukubheka izimpawu zokutheleleka

Isigaba esibi kanye nesifo se-Chagas esivuselelwe kufanele silashwe. Izinsana ezizalwe zinalesi sifo nazo kufanele zilashwe.

Ukwelapha isigaba esingalapheki kunconyelwe izingane kanye nabantu abadala abaningi. Abantu abadala abanesifo esingalapheki sesifo se-Chagas kufanele bakhulume nomhlinzeki wabo wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze anqume ukuthi ngabe kuyadingeka yini ukwelashwa.

Izidakamizwa ezimbili zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi sifo: i-benznidazole ne-nifurtimox.

Zombili lezi zidakamizwa zivame ukuba nemiphumela engemihle. Imiphumela emibi ingase ibe mibi kakhulu kubantu abadala. Zingafaka:

• Ukuphathwa yikhanda nesiyezi
• Ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla nokuncipha
• Ukulimala kwemizwa
• Izinkinga zokulala
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba

Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu abanegciwane abangalashwa bazoba nesifo esingalapheki noma esikhombisa izimpawu zeChagas. Kungathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kokuqala ukuhlakulela izinkinga zenhliziyo noma zokugaya ukudla.

Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile singadala ukufa okungazelelwe. Lapho ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kukhula, ukufa kuvame ukwenzeka kungakapheli iminyaka eminingana.

Isifo se-Chagas singadala lezi zinkinga:

• Ikholoni ekhulisiwe
• Isisu esikhulisiwe sinobunzima bokugwinya
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukungondleki

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba nesifo se-Chagas.

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kanye nezindlu ezingenamathuba amancane okuba nezinambuzane eziningi kuzosiza ekulawuleni ukusabalala kwalesi sifo.

Amabhange egazi eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu ahlola abanikeli ukuze bathole lesi sifo. Igazi liyalahlwa uma umnikeli enaleli gciwane. Amabhange amaningi egazi e-United States aqala ukuhlola isifo se-Chagas ngo-2007.

Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane - i-American trypanosomiasis

• Isiphazamisi sokuqabula
• Amasosha omzimba

UBogitsh BJ, uCarter CE, u-Oeltmann TN. Amaprotheni egazi nezicubu I: ama-hemoflagellates. Ku: Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN, eds. I-Parasitology Yabantu. Umhlaka 5. ISan Diego, CA: I-Elsevier Academic Press; 2019: isahluko 6.

IKirchhoff LV. Izinhlobo ze-Trypanosoma (i-American trypanosomiasis, isifo sika-Chagas): i-biology yama-trypanosomes. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 278.