I-Listeriosis

IListeriosis yisifo esingenzeka uma umuntu edla ukudla okungcoliswe amagciwane abizwa ngokuthi IListeria monocytogenes (L monocytogenes).

Amagciwane L monocytogenes itholakala ezilwaneni zasendle, ezilwaneni ezifuywayo, nasenhlabathini nasemanzini. Lawa mabhaktheriya agulisa izilwane eziningi, okuholela ekukhulelweni kwesisu nasekubelethweni kwezilwane ezifuyiwe.

Imifino, inyama nokunye ukudla kungatheleleka ngamagciwane uma kuhlangana inhlabathi noma umquba ongcolile. Ubisi oluhlaza noma imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngobisi oluhlaza ingathwala la magciwane.

Uma udla imikhiqizo engcolile, ungagula. Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu:

• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50
• Abantu abadala abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• Ukukhulisa imibungu
• Izinsana
• Ukukhulelwa

Amagciwane kaningi abangela ukugula kwamathumbu. Kwezinye izimo, ungathola ukutheleleka ngegazi (septicemia) noma ukuvuvukala kokumbozwa kobuchopho (meningitis). Izinsana nezingane zivame ukuba ne-meningitis.

Ukutheleleka ekukhulelweni kokuqala kungabangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu. Amagciwane angawela i-placenta futhi athelele umntwana okhulayo. Ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa sekwephuzile kungaholela ekuzalweni kokuzalwa noma ekufeni kwengane emahoreni ambalwa nje kokuzalwa. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa yezinsana ezitheleleke ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma eziseduze zizofa.

Kubantu abadala, lesi sifo singathatha izinhlobo eziningi, kuya ngokuthi yiluphi uhlelo noma izitho zomzimba ezithelelekile. Kungenzeka njenge:

• Ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo (endocarditis)
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho noma komgogodla (meningitis)
• Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu (i-pneumonia)
• Ukutheleleka ngegazi (septicemia)
• Ukutheleleka emathunjini (gastroenteritis)

Noma kungenzeka ngesimo esibucayi njengo:

• Amathumba
• Ukuhlangana
• Isikhumba lesion

Ezinganeni, izimpawu ze-listeriosis zingabonakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila futhi zingafaka:

• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Imikhuba emibi
• I-jaundice
• Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula (ngokuvamile i-pneumonia)
• Ukushaqeka
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• Ukuhlanza

Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kungenziwa ukuthola amagciwane akwi-amniotic fluid, igazi, indle, nomchamo. Isiko lomgogodla (i-cerebrospnial fluid noma i-CSF) lizokwenziwa uma kwenziwa umpompi womgogodla.

Ama-antibiotic (afaka i-ampicillin noma i-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) anqunyelwe ukubulala amagciwane.

I-listeriosis embungwini noma esaneni ngokuvamile iyabulala. Izingane ezindala ezinempilo nabantu abadala maningi amathuba okusinda. Lesi sifo asibi kakhulu uma sithinta kuphela uhlelo lwesisu. Ukutheleleka kobuchopho noma komgogodla kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Izinsana ezisinda ku-listeriosis zingaba nomonakalo wesikhathi eside wobuchopho nesistimu yezinzwa (i-neurologic) kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma wena noma ingane yakho niba nezimpawu ze-listeriosis.

Imikhiqizo yokudla yakwamanye amazwe, njengoshizi othambile ongaphekiwe, nayo iholele ekuqubukeni kwe-listeriosis. Pheka njalo ukudla.

Geza izandla zakho kahle ngemuva kokuthinta izilwane ezifuywayo, izilwane zasemapulazini, nokuphatha indle yezilwane.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangafuna ukuvakashela iwebhusayithi yeCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ukuthola imininingwane ngokuqapha ukudla: www.cdc.gov/listeria/prevention.html.

Ukutheleleka kweListerial; I-Granulomatosis infantisepticum; I-listeriosis yesisu

• Amasosha omzimba

UJohnson JE, Mylonakis E. IListeria monocytogenes. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 206.

UKollman TR, umthumeli weposi TL, uBortolussi R. Listeriosis. Ku: Wilson CB, Nizet V, Maldonado YA, Remington JS, Klein JO, abahleli. Izifo Ezithathelwanayo ze-Remington ne-Klein ze-Fetus ne-Baby Newborn. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 13.