I-Encephalitis

I-Encephalitis ukucasuka nokuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) kobuchopho, imvamisa ngenxa yezifo.

I-Encephalitis yisimo esingajwayelekile. Kwenzeka kaningi onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila futhi kuncipha ngeminyaka. Abantu abadala kakhulu nabadala kunamathuba amaningi okuthi babe necala elinzima.

I-Encephalitis ivame ukubangelwa igciwane. Izinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane zingayibangela.Ukuvezwa kungenzeka nge:

• Ukuphefumula ngamaconsi avela emakhaleni, emlonyeni, noma emphinjeni kumuntu onegciwane
• Ukudla noma isiphuzo esingcolisiwe
• Omiyane, umkhaza, nokunye ukulunywa yizinambuzane
• Ukuxhumana kwesikhumba

Amagciwane ahlukahlukene avela ezindaweni ezihlukene. Izimo eziningi zenzeka ngesikhathi esithile.

I-Encephalitis ebangelwa igciwane le-herpes simplex iyimbangela ehamba phambili yamacala abucayi kakhulu kuyo yonke iminyaka, kufaka phakathi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa.

Ukugonywa njalo kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu i-encephalitis ngenxa yamagciwane athile, kufaka phakathi:

• Imasisi
• Izimpumputhe
• Uvendle
• Amarabi
• URubella
• I-Varicella (inkukhu)

Amanye amagciwane abangela i-encephalitis afaka:

• I-Adenovirus
• I-Coxsackievirus
• I-Cytomegalovirus
• Igciwane lase-Eastern equine encephalitis
• I-Echovirus
• I-encephalitis yaseJapan, eyenzeka e-Asia
• Igciwane le-West Nile

Ngemuva kokuthi igciwane lingene emzimbeni, izicubu zobuchopho ziyavuvuka. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungaqeda amangqamuzana ezinzwa, futhi kubangele ukopha ebuchosheni nasekulimaleni kobuchopho.

Ezinye izimbangela ze-encephalitis zingafaka:

• Ukusabela okweqile emithini yokugoma
• Izifo ezizimele
• Amagciwane afana nesifo seLyme, ugcunsula nesifo sofuba
• Izimuncagazi ezinjengemisundu, i-cysticercosis, ne-toxoplasmosis kubantu abane-HIV / AIDS kanye nabanye abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• Imiphumela yomdlavuza

Abanye abantu bangaba nezimpawu zokutheleleka okubandayo noma kwesisu ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ze-encephalitis ziqale.

Uma lesi sifo singekho kakhulu, izimpawu zingahle zifane nezinye izifo:

• Umkhuhlane ongekho phezulu kakhulu
• Ikhanda eliphansi
• Amandla amancane nesifiso esibi

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukukhubazeka, ukungahambi kahle
• Ukudideka, ukudideka
• Ukozela
• Ukuthukuthela noma ukulawula ukuthukuthela
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya
• Intamo eqinile nomhlane (kwesinye isikhathi)
• Ukuhlanza

Izimpawu ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nezinsana ezincane kungenzeka kungabi lula ukuzibona:

• Ukuqina komzimba
• Ukuthukuthela nokukhala kaningi (lezi zimpawu zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu lapho ingane ilandwa)
• Ukudla okungafanele
• Indawo ethambile ngaphezulu kwekhanda ingahle iqhume ngaphezulu
• Ukuhlanza

Izimpawu eziphuthumayo:

• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukungaphenduli kahle, ukulala, ikhoma
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukukhubazeka
• Ukuquleka
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwemisebenzi yengqondo, njengokuthambekela kwemizwa, ukwahlulela okungakhubazekile, ukulahleka kwememori, noma ukungabi nentshisekelo kwemisebenzi yansuku zonke

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• I-Brain MRI
• I-CT scan yekhanda
• Ukukhishwa kwe-single-photon computed tomography (SPECT)
• Isiko le-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), igazi, noma umchamo (noma kunjalo, lokhu kuhlolwa akuvamile ukuba lusizo)
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar nokuhlolwa kwe-CSF
• Ukuhlolwa okuthola amasosha omzimba egciwane (ukuhlolwa kwe-serology)
• Ukuhlola okuthola inani elincane legciwane le-DNA (i-polymerase chain reaction - PCR)

Izinhloso zokwelashwa ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okusekelayo (ukuphumula, ukudla okunomsoco, uketshezi) ukusiza umzimba ukulwa nokutheleleka, nokuqeda izimpawu.

Imithi ingafaka:

• Imithi elwa namagciwane, uma ngabe yigciwane elidale ukuthi litheleleke
• Ama-antibiotic, uma amagciwane eyimbangela
• Imithi yokwelapha amagciwane ukuvimbela ukuquleka
• Ama-steroid ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho
• Izindlela zokucasuka noma ukungahlaliseki
• I-Acetaminophen yomkhuhlane nekhanda

Uma ukusebenza kobuchopho kuthinteka kakhulu, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba nokwelashwa kokukhuluma kungadingeka ngemuva kokulawulwa kokutheleleka.

Umphumela uyehluka. Amanye amacala amnene futhi amafushane, futhi umuntu ululama ngokuphelele. Amanye amacala anzima, futhi izinkinga ezihlala njalo noma ukufa kungenzeka.

Isigaba esibuhlungu ngokuvamile sithatha i-1 kuya kumaviki ama-2. Umkhuhlane kanye nezimpawu kuyanyamalala kancane kancane noma kungazelelwe. Abanye abantu kungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukululama ngokuphelele.

Ukulimala okungapheli kobuchopho kungenzeka ezimweni ezinzima ze-encephalitis. Kungathinta:

• Ukuzwa
• Imemori
• Ukulawulwa kwemisipha
• Ukuzwa
• Inkulumo
• Umbono

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo (efana ne-911) uma une:

• Umkhuhlane ongazelelwe
• Ezinye izimpawu ze-encephalitis

Izingane kanye nabantu abadala kufanele bagweme ukuxhumana nanoma ngubani one-encephalitis.

Ukulawula omiyane (ukulunywa omiyane kungadlulisa amagciwane athile) kunganciphisa amathuba okutheleleka okuthile okungaholela ku-encephalitis.

• Faka isicelo sokuxosha izinambuzane esiqukethe ikhemikhali, i-DEET uma uphumela ngaphandle (kodwa UNGAYisebenzisi imikhiqizo ye-DEET ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili).
• Susa noma imiphi imithombo yamanzi amile (njengamathayi amadala, amathini, ama-gutters namachibi okuhamba).
• Gqoka amahembe nemikhono enemikhono emide uma ungaphandle, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa.

Izingane kanye nabantu abadala kufanele bathole imigomo ejwayelekile yamagciwane angadala i-encephalitis. Abantu kufanele bathole imigomo ethile uma behambela izindawo ezinjengezingxenye zase-Asia, lapho kutholakala khona i-encephalitis yaseJapan.

Goma izilwane ukuvikela i-encephalitis ebangelwa igciwane lamarabi.

• I-Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - ukukhipha

Bloch KC, Glaser CA, Tunkel AR. I-Encephalitis ne-myelitis. Ku: Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM, ama-eds. Izifo Ezithathelwanayo. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 20.

UBronstein DE, uGlaser CA. I-Encephalitis ne-meningoencephalitis. Ku: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaFeigin neCherry's Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 36.

Lissauer T, Carroll W. Ukutheleleka nokuzivikela. Ku: Lissauer T, Carroll W, ama-eds. I-Illustrated Textbook of Paediatrics. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 15.