Izimpawu zokuzalwa ezibomvu

Izimpawu zokuzalwa ezibomvu ukumakwa kwesikhumba okwenziwe yimithambo yegazi eseduze kwendawo yesikhumba. Zikhula ngaphambi noma ngemuva nje kokuzalwa.

Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zezimpawu zokuzalwa:

• Izimpawu zokuzalwa ezibomvu zakhiwa yimithambo yegazi eseduze kwesikhumba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yizimpawu zokuzalwa zemithambo yegazi.
• Izimpawu zokuzalwa ezinemibala yizindawo lapho umbala we-birthmark uhlukile kumbala wesikhumba sonke.

Ama-Hemangiomas awuhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-birthmark ye-vascular. Ayaziwa imbangela yabo. Umbala wazo ubangelwa ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi endaweni. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-hemangiomas zifaka:

• I-Strawberry hemangiomas (uphawu lwe-sitrobheli, i-nevus vascularis, i-capillary hemangioma, i-hemangioma simplex) ingahle ikhule emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa. Zingavela noma kuphi emzimbeni, kepha zivame ukutholakala entanyeni nasebusweni. Lezi zindawo ziqukethe imithambo yegazi emincane esondelene kakhulu.
• I-Cavernous hemangiomas (i-angioma cavernosum, i-cavernoma) ifana ne-sitrobheli hemangiomas kepha ijule kakhulu futhi ingahle ibonakale njengendawo yesiponji esibomvu esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esigcwele igazi.
• Ama-salmon patches (ukulunywa ngunogolantethe) ajwayelekile kakhulu. Kuze kube uhhafu wazo zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinazo. Amabala amancane, abomvana, ayizicaba akhiwe ngemithambo yegazi emincane engabonakala esikhunjeni. Zivame kakhulu ebunzini, emajwazini amehlo, udebe olungaphezulu, phakathi kwamashiya, nasemhlane wentamo. Ama-salmon patches angabonakala kakhulu lapho usana likhala noma ngesikhathi sokushisa kushintsha.
• Ama-Port-wine stain angama-hemangiomas ayisicaba enziwe ngemithambo yegazi emincane enwetshiwe (ama-capillaries). Amachaphaza e-Port-wine ebusweni angahlotshaniswa ne-Sturge-Weber syndrome. Zivame ukutholakala ebusweni. Ubukhulu bazo buyehluka kusukela kokuncane kakhulu kuye ngaphezu kwengxenye yobuso bomzimba.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zezimpawu zokuzalwa zifaka:

• Amamaki esikhunjeni abukeka njengemithambo yegazi
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba noma isilonda esibomvu

Umhlinzeki wezempilo kufanele ahlole zonke izimpawu zokuzalwa. Ukuxilongwa kuncike ekutheni uphawu lokuzalwa lubukeka kanjani.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa izimpawu zokuzalwa ezijulile kufaka:

• Isikhumba biopsy
• Iskena se-CT
• I-MRI yendawo

Ama-hemangiomas amaningi ama-strawberry, ama-cavernous hemangiomas nama-salmon patches awesikhashana futhi awadingi ukwelashwa.

Amachaphaza e-Port-wine kungenzeka angadingi ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokuthi:

• Kuthinta ukubukeka kwakho
• Dala ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo
• Kubuhlungu
• Shintsha ngosayizi, ukuma, noma umbala

Izimpawu zokuzalwa ezinomphela azilashwa ngaphambi kokuba ingane ifinyelele eminyakeni yobudala yesikole noma uphawu lokuzalwa lubangela izimpawu. Amachweba e-Port-wine ebusweni ahlukile. Kufanele baphathwe besebancane ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingokomzwelo nezenhlalo. Ukuhlinzwa nge-Laser kungasetshenziswa ukubelapha.

Izimonyo zokufihla zingase zifihle izimpawu zokuzalwa ezihlala njalo.

I-cortisone yomlomo noma ejojoweyo inganciphisa ubukhulu be-hemangioma ekhula ngokushesha futhi ithinte umbono noma izitho ezibalulekile.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa okubomvu zibandakanya:

• Imithi ye-beta-blocker
• Ukubanda (cryotherapy)
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Laser
• Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa

Izimpawu zokuzalwa azivamile ukudala izinkinga, ngaphandle kwezinguquko ekubukekeni. Izimpawu zokuzalwa eziningi zihamba zodwa ngesikhathi ingane ifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala yesikole, kepha ezinye zihlala unomphela. Amaphethini wokuthuthuka alandelayo ajwayelekile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezimpawu zokuzalwa:

• I-Strawberry hemangiomas ivame ukukhula ngokushesha futhi ihlale isayizi efanayo. Bese behamba. Iningi lama-sitrobheli hemangiomas seliphelile ngesikhathi ingane ineminyaka engu-9 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, kungahle kube nokushintshwa okuncane kombala noma ukuphuphuka kwesikhumba lapho kwakukhona uphawu lokuzalwa.
• Amanye ama-hemangiomas e-cavernous ayahamba ngokwawo, imvamisa njengoba ingane isecishe ibe seminyakeni yokufunda.
• Amabala ama-salmon avame ukubuna njengoba usana lukhula. Amachashazi ngemuva entanyeni kungenzeka angapheli. Imvamisa azibonakali njengoba izinwele zikhula.
• Amachweba e-Port-wine avame ukuhlala unomphela.

Lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo zingenzeka kusuka kuzimpawu zokuzalwa:

• Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo ngenxa yokubukeka
• Ukungakhululeki noma ukuphuma kwegazi kuzimpawu zokuzalwa zemithambo (ngezikhathi ezithile)
• Ukuphazamiseka kokubona noma ukusebenza komzimba
• Ukuqubuka noma izinkinga ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuzisusa

Cela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo abheke zonke izimpawu zokuzalwa.

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela izimpawu zokuzalwa.

Uphawu lwe-Strawberry; Izinguquko zesikhumba semithambo; I-Angioma cavernosum; I-capillary hemangioma; IHemangioma simplex

• Ingulube iluma
• IHemangioma ebusweni (ekhaleni)
• IHemangioma esilevini

IHabif TP. Izicubu zemithambo yegazi nokukhubazeka. Ku: Habif TP, ed. Ukwelashwa Kwemithi Yezokwelapha. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 23.

UPaller AS, uMancini AJ. Ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo ebuntwaneni nasebuntwaneni. Ku: Paller AS, Mancini AJ, ama-eds. IHurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 12.

IPatterson JW. Izimila zemithambo yegazi. Ku: Patterson JW, ed. I-Weedon's Skin Pathology. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 38.