Kungani Nginenkinga Yokuphefumula?

-Delile

• Izimo zamaphaphu ezingadala ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Isifuba Somoya
• Inyumoniya
• Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Embolism yamaphaphu
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu
• Ukuqoqa
• I-Epiglottitis
• Izimo zenhliziyo ezingadala ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Isifo semithambo yegazi
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso
• I-Arrhythmias
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yokubopha
• Ezinye izimbangela zobunzima bokuphefumula
• Izinkinga zemvelo
• IHernatal hernia
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wobunzima bokuphefumula?
• Izimpawu okufanele uzibheke
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula ezinganeni ezincane
• Ukuqoqa
• I-bronchiolitis
• Kutholakala kanjani lokhu?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo?
• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
• Ukwehliswa kwengcindezi
• Imithi
• I-Q & A.
• Q:
• A:

Ukubuka konke

Ukuhlangabezana nobunzima bokuphefumula kuchaza ukungakhululeki lapho uphefumula futhi uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukudonsa umoya ophelele. Lokhu kungakhula kancane kancane noma kuvele ngokuzumayo. Izinkinga zokuphefumula eziphansi, njengokukhathala ngemuva kwesigaba se-aerobics, aziweli kulesi sigaba.

Ubunzima bokuphefumula bungadalwa yizimo eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Bangakhula futhi ngenxa yongcindezi nokukhathazeka.

Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi iziqephu ezivamile zokuphelelwa umoya noma ubunzima bokuphefumula ngokuzumayo, okungaba yizimpawu zenkinga ebucayi yezempilo edinga ukwelashwa. Kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka okuphefumulayo.

Izimo zamaphaphu ezingadala ubunzima bokuphefumula

Kunezimo eziningi zamaphaphu ezingadala ukuthi ube nobunzima bokuphefumula. Eziningi zalezi zidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Isifuba Somoya

Isifuba somoya ukuvuvukala nokuncipha kwemigwaqo yomoya engadala:

• ukuphelelwa umoya
• isifuba
• ukuqina kwesifuba
• ukukhwehlela

I-asthma yisimo esivamile esingaba buhlungu kakhulu.

Inyumoniya

I-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okungadala ukuvuvukala kanye nokwanda koketshezi nobomvu emaphashini. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyathathelana. I-pneumonia ingaba yisimo esisongela impilo, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa ngokushesha kubalulekile.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukukhwehlela
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukugodola
• ukujuluka
• imfiva
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ukukhathala

Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD)

I-COPD isho iqembu lezifo eziholela ekusebenzeni kabi kwamaphaphu. Ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zifaka:

• isifuba
• ukukhwehlela okungapheli
• ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo okwandisiwe
• amazinga aphansi e-oxygen
• ukuqina kwesifuba

I-Emphysema, evame ukubangelwa yiminyaka yokubhema, ikulesi sigaba sezifo.

Embolism yamaphaphu

I-embolism ye-pulmonary ukuvimba komunye noma ngaphezulu kwemithambo eholela emaphashini. Lokhu kuvame ukuba umphumela wegazi eliqhamuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni, njengomlenze noma ukhalo, ukukhuphukela phezulu emaphashini. Lokhu kungasongela impilo futhi kudinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• ukuvuvukala komlenze
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukukhwehlela
• isifuba
• ukujuluka okukhulu
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• isiyezi
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhunjeni

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-pulmonary umfutho wegazi ophezulu othinta imithambo yegazi emaphashini. Lesi simo sivame ukwenziwa ukuncipha noma ukuqina kwale mithambo futhi kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Izimpawu zalesi simo zivame ukuqala ngo:

• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• Inkinga yokuzivocavoca
• ukukhathala ngokweqile

Kamuva, izimpawu zingafana kakhulu nalezo ze-embolism ye-pulmonary.

Iningi labantu abanalesi simo lizobona ukuqina komoya ophefumulayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula okuncane, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi yizimpawu ezidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Ukuqoqa

I-Croup yisimo sokuphefumula esibangelwa ukutheleleka okunamandla kwegciwane. Kuyaziwa ngokubangela ukukhwehlela okuhlukile kokukhonkotha.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho uma wena noma ingane yakho inezimpawu ze-croup. Izingane eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha neminyaka emithathu ubudala zithinteka kakhulu kulesi simo.

I-Epiglottitis

I-Epiglottitis ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezimboza i-windpipe yakho, ngenxa yokutheleleka. Lesi yisifo esisongela impilo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• imfiva
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• ukumunca amathe
• isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• ubunzima bokuphefumula nokugwinya
• imisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile
• Ukugodola
• ukushaqeka

Isizathu esisodwa esivamile se-epiglottis singavinjelwa ukugonywa kwe-haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib). Lo mgomo ngokuvamile unikezwa kuphela izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu, njengoba abantu abadala bengekho amathuba okuthola ukutheleleka nge-Hib.

Izimo zenhliziyo ezingadala ubunzima bokuphefumula

Ungazibona uzizwa uphelelwa umoya kaningi uma unesimo senhliziyo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhliziyo yakho ilwela ukupompa igazi elicebile oksijini kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Kunezimo ezahlukahlukene ezingadala le nkinga:

Isifo semithambo yegazi

Isifo semithambo yegazi (Coronary artery disease) (CAD) yisifo esidala ukuthi imithambo yegazi enikeza igazi enhliziyweni inciphe futhi iqine. Lesi simo siholela ekwehleni kwegazi eliya enhliziyweni, elingalimaza unomphela imisipha yenhliziyo. Izimpawu nezimpawu zibandakanya:

• ubuhlungu besifuba (angina)
• isifo senhliziyo

Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso

Isifo senhliziyo esizelwe, kwesinye isikhathi esibizwa njengokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo yokuzalwa, sibhekisa ezinkingeni ezizuzwe njengefa ngesakhiwo nomsebenzi wenhliziyo. Lezi zinkinga zingaholela ku:

• ubunzima bokuphefumula
• ukuphefumula
• isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile

I-Arrhythmias

I-Arrhythmias yizinhlobo zokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, okuthinta isigqi senhliziyo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo, okwenza inhliziyo ishaye kakhulu noma yehle kakhulu. Abantu abanezimo zenhliziyo esezikhona basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-arrhythmia.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yokubopha

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ukuminyana (CHF) kwenzeka lapho imisipha yenhliziyo iba buthakathaka futhi ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekwakhiweni koketshezi ngaphakathi nangaseduze kwamaphaphu.

Ezinye izimo zenhliziyo ezingadala ubunzima bokuphefumula zifaka:

• isifo senhliziyo
• izinkinga ngama-valve enhliziyo

Ezinye izimbangela zobunzima bokuphefumula

Izinkinga zemvelo

Izici zemvelo zingathinta nokuphefumula, njenge:

• ukungezwani komzimba nothuli, isikhunta, noma impova
• ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka
• izindima zomoya ezivalekile ezivela emakhaleni agcwele noma kohlanga lomphimbo
• kwehlise ukungena kwe-oxygen kusuka ekukhuphukeni kuye phezulu

IHernatal hernia

I-hernia yokubeletha ivela lapho ingxenye engenhla yesisu iphuma nge-diaphragm esifubeni. Abantu abane-hernias enkulu yokuzalwa bangathola futhi:

• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ubunzima bokugwinya
• isilungulela

Izinguquko zemithi nezindlela yokuphila zivame ukwelapha ama-hernias amancane okuzala. Ama-hernias amakhulu noma amancane angaphenduli ekwelashweni angadinga ukuhlinzwa.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wobunzima bokuphefumula?

Usengozini enkulu yezinkinga zokuphefumula uma:

• uhlangabezana nokucindezeleka okungapheli
• ube nokungezwani komzimba nomzimba
• unamaphaphu angapheli noma isimo senhliziyo

Ukukhuluphala futhi kwandisa ubungozi bokuphefumula. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba ngokweqile nakho kungakubeka engcupheni yezinkinga zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi lapho uvivinya umzimba ngamandla amakhulu noma ezindaweni eziphakeme.

Izimpawu okufanele uzibheke

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwezinkinga zokuphefumula ukuzwa sengathi awukwazi ukuphefumula umoya-mpilo owenele. Ezinye izimpawu ezithile zifaka:

• izinga lokuphefumula ngokushesha
• isifuba
• izinzipho noma izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• ibala eliphaphathekile noma elimpunga
• ukujuluka okweqile
• Amakhala akhazimulayo

Xhumana nabezimo eziphuthumayo uma ubunzima bakho bokuphefumula bufika ngokuzumayo. Funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha kunoma ngubani okubonakala sengathi ukuphefumula kwakhe kwehle kakhulu noma kumile. Ngemuva kokuthi ushayele i-911, yenza i-CPR ephuthumayo uma wazi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokho.

Ezinye izimpawu, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula, kungakhombisa inkinga enkulu. Lezi zinkinga zingakhombisa ukuhlaselwa i-angina, ukungabi khona komoya-mpilo, noma isifo senhliziyo. Izimpawu okufanele wazi ngazo zifaka:

• imfiva
• ubuhlungu noma ingcindezi esifubeni
• isifuba
• ukuqina emphinjeni
• ukukhwehlela
• ukuphefumula okudinga ukuthi uhlale njalo
• ukuphefumula okukuphaphamisa ebusuku

Ubunzima bokuphefumula ezinganeni ezincane

Izingane nezingane ezincane zivame ukuba nobunzima bokuphefumula lapho zinamagciwane okuphefumula. Izimpawu zokuphefumula zivame ukwenzeka ngoba izingane ezincane azazi ukuthi zisula kanjani amakhala nomphimbo. Kunezimo eziningana ezingaholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula ezinzima kakhulu. Iningi lezingane liyalulama kulezi zimo ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Ukuqoqa

ICroup yisifo sokuphefumula esivame ukubangelwa yigciwane. Izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwengu-3 ubudala zithathwa njengezinga elikhulu lokuthola i-croup, kepha zingakhula ezinganeni ezindala. Imvamisa iqala ngezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane.

Uphawu olukhulu lokugula ukukhwehlela okukhulu, okukhonkothayo. Ubunzima bokuphefumula bungadalwa ukukhwehlela njalo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ebusuku, kuthi ubusuku bokuqala nobesibili bokukhwehlela kube kubi kakhulu. Amacala amaningi we-croup axazululwa kungakapheli isonto.

Amanye amacala abucayi angadinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

I-bronchiolitis

I-Bronchiolitis yisifo segciwane lesifo samaphaphu esivame ukuthinta izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Igciwane le-syncytial yokuphefumula (i-RSV) iyimbangela evame kakhulu yale nkinga. Ukugula kungabonakala njengomkhuhlane ovamile ekuqaleni, kodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kungalandelwa ngu:

• ukukhwehlela
• ukuphefumula okusheshayo
• isifuba

Amazinga e-oksijeni angaba phansi kakhulu futhi angadinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Ezimweni eziningi, izingane ziyaphila ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-10.

Ingane yakho idinga ukwelashwa uma:

• babe nobunzima bokuphefumula obukhuphukile noma obuphikelelayo
• baphefumula ngaphezu kwama-40 ngomzuzu
• kumele uhlale uphefumule
• unokuhlehliswa, lapho isikhumba sesifuba esiphakathi kwezimbambo nentamo sicwila emphefumulweni ngamunye

Uma ingane yakho inesifo senhliziyo noma izalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho ubona ukuthi kunzima ukuphefumula.

Kutholakala kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuthola imbangela yezinkinga zakho zokuphefumula. Bazokubuza ukuthi ube nesikhathi esingakanani unenkinga, noma ngabe imnene noma ishubile, nokuthi ukuzikhandla komzimba kuyenza ibe yimbi yini.

Ngemuva kokubuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha, udokotela wakho uzohlola izindinyana zakho zomoya, amaphaphu, nenhliziyo.

Ngokuya ngokutholakala kokuhlolwa kwakho ngokomzimba, udokotela wakho angancoma isivivinyo esisodwa noma eziningi zokuxilonga, kufaka phakathi:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• X-ray esifubeni
• Iskena se-CT
• i-electrocardiogram (ECG noma i-EKG)
• bhequza
• ukuhlolwa kwamaphaphu

Udokotela wakho futhi angakwenza ukuthi uvivinye umzimba ukuze ubone ukuthi inhliziyo yakho namaphaphu akho kusabela kanjani ekuzikhandeni komzimba.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo?

Ukwelashwa kobunzima bokuphefumula kuzoya ngesizathu esiyimbangela.

Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila

Uma unekhala eligcwele, uzivocavoca kanzima, noma uhamba ngezinyawo ezindaweni eziphakeme kubangela izimpawu zakho, ukuphefumula kwakho kungenzeka kubuyele kokujwayelekile uma ungaphile kahle. Izimpawu zesikhashana zizoxazululeka uma umkhuhlane wakho usuphelile, uyeka ukuzivocavoca, noma ubuyela endaweni ephansi.

Ukwehliswa kwengcindezi

Uma ukucindezeleka kubangela izinkinga zakho zokuphefumula, unganciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokwakha izindlela zokubhekana nazo. Izindlela ezimbalwa zokuqeda ukucindezeleka zifaka:

• ukuzindla
• ukwelulekwa
• ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Ukulalela umculo ophumuzayo noma ukukhuluma nomngani nakho kungakusiza ukuthi usethe kabusha futhi unikeze kabusha.

Uma ukhathazekile ngezinkinga zakho zokuphefumula futhi ungenawo umhlinzeki wokunakekela oyinhloko, ungabuka odokotela endaweni yakho ngethuluzi leHealthline FindCare.

Imithi

Obunye ubunzima bokuphefumula yizimpawu zezifo ezinzima zenhliziyo namaphaphu. Kulezi zimo, udokotela wakho uzokunika umuthi nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Uma une-asthma, isibonelo, kungadingeka ukuthi usebenzise i-inhaler ngokushesha ngemuva kokubhekana nezinkinga zokuphefumula.

Uma une-allergies, udokotela wakho angakunikeza i-antihistamine ukunciphisa ukusabela komzimba komzimba wakho. Udokotela wakho futhi angancoma ukugwema izimbangela zokungezwani komzimba nothuli noma impova.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungadinga ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo, umshini wokuphefumula, noma olunye ukwelashwa nokuqapha esibhedlela.

Uma ingane yakho ibhekene nobunzima bokuphefumula okuncane, ungahle uthande ukuzama amakhambi asekhaya aduduzayo kanye nokwelashwa okuvela kudokotela.

Umoya opholile noma omanzi ungasiza, ngakho-ke thatha ingane yakho uyise ngaphandle emoyeni wasebusuku noma endlini yokugezela enesifutho. Ungazama futhi ukusebenzisa i-humidifier epholile ngenkathi ingane yakho ilele.

I-Q & A.

Q:

A: