Ukunakwa kokushoda kokungasebenzi kahle

Ukunakwa kokushoda kokungasebenzi kahle (ADHD) inkinga ebangelwa ukuba khona kwalokhu okutholakele okukodwa noma okuningi: ukungakwazi ukugxila, ukusebenza ngokweqile, noma ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusebenza.

I-ADHD ivame ukuqala ebuntwaneni. Kepha kungaqhubeka kuze kube seminyakeni yobudala. I-ADHD itholakala kaningi kubafana kunamantombazane.

Akucaci ukuthi yini ebangela i-ADHD. Ingaxhunyaniswa nezakhi zofuzo nezici zasekhaya noma zenhlalo. Ochwepheshe bathole ukuthi ubuchopho bezingane ezine-ADHD buhlukile kobo bezingane ezingenayo i-ADHD. Amakhemikhali obuchopho nawo ahlukile.

Izimpawu ze-ADHD ziwela emaqenjini amathathu:

• Ukungakwazi ukugxila (ukunganaki)
• Ukusebenza ngokweqile (ukungasebenzi kahle)
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusebenza (ukungafisi)

Abanye abantu abane-ADHD banezimpawu zokunganaki ikakhulukazi. Abanye banezimpawu ezingaxakile nezingaxhamazeli. Abanye banenhlanganisela yalezi zimilo.

IZIMPAWU ZOKUQALA

• Ayinaki imininingwane noma yenza amaphutha anganaki emsebenzini wesikole
• Unenkinga yokugxila ngesikhathi semisebenzi noma sokudlala
• Ayilaleli uma kukhulunywa nayo ngqo
• Ayilandeli imiyalelo futhi ayiqedi umsebenzi wesikole noma imisebenzi yasekhaya
• Unenkinga yokuhlela imisebenzi nemisebenzi
• Igwema noma ayithandi imisebenzi edinga umzamo wengqondo (njengomsebenzi wesikole)
• Imvamisa ilahlekelwa izinto, njengomsebenzi wesikole noma amathoyizi
• Ukuphazamiseka kalula
• Kuvame ukukhohlwa

IZIMPAWU ZOKUSEBENZA

• Amafriji noma ama-squirms esihlalweni
• Ishiya izihlalo zabo lapho kufanele bahlale esihlalweni sabo
• Igijima noma ikhuphuke lapho kungafanele ukuthi yenze njalo
• Unenkinga yokudlala noma ukusebenza ngokuthula
• Kuvamise ukuthi "usendleleni," kube sengathi "kuqhutshwa imoto"
• Ukhuluma njalo

IZIMPAWU ZEMPUMELELO

• Fiphaza izimpendulo ngaphambi kokuba kuphothulwe imibuzo
• Unezinkinga ezilinde ithuba lakhe
• Ukuphazamisa noma ukungena kwabanye (izinqa ezingxoxweni noma emidlalweni)

Okuningi okutholwe ngenhla kukhona ezinganeni njengoba zikhula. Ukuze lezi zinkinga zitholakale njenge-ADHD, kumele zingabikho ebangeni elijwayelekile lobudala nokukhula komuntu.

Akukho sivivinyo esingathola i-ADHD. Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe kuphethini lezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla. Lapho ingane kusolwa ukuthi ine-ADHD, abazali nothisha bavame ukubandakanyeka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Iningi lezingane ezine-ADHD okungenani zinenye inkinga eyodwa yokukhula noma yempilo yengqondo. Lokhu kungaba yisimo semizwa, sokukhathazeka, noma sokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Noma, kungaba inkinga yokufunda noma isifo se-tic.

Ukwelapha i-ADHD ukubambisana phakathi komhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nomuntu one-ADHD. Uma kuyingane, abazali futhi kaningi othisha bayabandakanyeka. Ukuze ukwelashwa kusebenze, kubalulekile uku:

• Setha imigomo ethile efanele ingane.
• Qala umuthi noma ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, noma kokubili.
• Landela njalo nodokotela ukuze uhlole izinhloso, imiphumela, nanoma yimiphi imiphumela engemihle yemithi.

Uma ukwelashwa kubonakala kungasebenzi, umhlinzeki kungenzeka:

• Qinisekisa ukuthi umuntu une-ADHD.
• Bheka izinkinga zempilo ezingadala izimpawu ezifanayo.
• Qiniseka ukuthi uhlelo lokwelashwa luyalandelwa.

IMITHI

Imithi ehlangene nokwelashwa kokuziphatha isebenza kahle kakhulu. Imithi ehlukile ye-ADHD ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe nomunye. Udokotela uzonquma ukuthi imuphi umuthi ofanele, ngokuya ngezimpawu zomuntu nezidingo zakhe.

Ama-Psychostimulants (awaziwa nangokuthi izikhuthazi) yimithi esetshenziswa kakhulu. Yize le mithi ibizwa ngokuthi izikhuthazi, empeleni inomphumela wokuthoba kubantu abane-ADHD.

Landela imiyalo yomhlinzeki mayelana nokuthi ungayithatha kanjani imithi ye-ADHD. Umhlinzeki udinga ukuqapha ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza nokuthi kukhona yini izinkinga ngawo. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukugcina konke ukuqokwa nomhlinzeki.

Eminye imithi ye-ADHD inemiphumela engemihle. Uma umuntu enemiphumela emibi, xhumana nomhlinzeki ngokushesha. Umthamo noma umuthi uqobo kungadingeka ukuthi ushintshwe.

IMITHI

Uhlobo oluvamile lokwelashwa kwe-ADHD lubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kokuziphatha. Ifundisa izingane nabazali indlela yokuziphatha enempilo nokuthi bangaziphatha kanjani izindlela zokuziphatha eziphazamisayo. Nge-ADHD emnene, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kukodwa (ngaphandle kwemithi) kungasebenza.

Amanye amathiphu okusiza ingane ene-ADHD afaka:

• Khuluma njalo nothisha wengane.
• Gcina uhlelo lwansuku zonke, olufaka nezikhathi ezijwayelekile zomsebenzi wesikole, ukudla, nemisebenzi. Yenza izinguquko kushejuli ngaphambi kwesikhathi hhayi ngomzuzu wokugcina.
• Nciphisa iziphazamiso endaweni yengane.
• Qiniseka ukuthi ingane ithola ukudla okunempilo, okwehlukahlukene, okune-fiber eningi nezakhi eziyisisekelo zomsoco.
• Qiniseka ukuthi ingane ilala ngokwanele.
• Dumisa futhi ukhokhele isimilo esihle.
• Nikeza ingane imithetho ecacile nengaguquguquki.

Kunobufakazi obuncane bokuthi okunye ukwelashwa kwe-ADHD njengamakhambi, izithasiselo, ne-chiropractic kuyasiza.

Ungathola usizo nokusekelwa ekubhekaneni ne-ADHD:

• Izingane Nabadala abane-Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (i-ChadD) - www.chadd.org

I-ADHD yisimo sesikhathi eside. I-ADHD ingaholela ku:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa notshwala
• Ukungenzi kahle esikoleni
• Izinkinga zokugcina umsebenzi
• Inkinga ngomthetho

Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuya kwengxenye yezingane ezine-ADHD inezimpawu zokunganakwa noma ukungaziphathi kahle-njengabantu abadala. Abantu abadala abane-ADHD kaningi bayakwazi ukulawula izinkinga zokuziphatha nezokufihla ubuso.

Shayela udokotela uma wena noma othisha bengane yakho nisola i-ADHD. Kufanele futhi utshele udokotela mayelana:

• Izinkinga ekhaya, esikoleni, nontanga
• Imiphumela emibi yomuthi we-ADHD
• Izimpawu zokudangala

ENGEZA; I-ADHD; I-hyperkinesis yobuntwana

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UPrince JB, Wilens TE, Spencer TJ, Biederman J. Pharmacotherapy wokukhathazeka / ukunakekelwa kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esikhathini sonke sempilo. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ama-eds. IMassachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 49.

I-Urion DK. Ukunakwa / ukusilela kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 49.

UWolraich ML, uHagan JF Jr, u-Allan C, et al. Umhlahlandlela wokusebenza komtholampilo wokuxilongwa, ukuhlolwa, nokwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo / ukungasebenzi kahle kwengqondo ezinganeni nasebusheni [ukulungiswa okushicilelwe kuvela Izifo zezingane. 2020 Mar; 145 (3):]. Izifo zezingane. 2019; 144 (4): e20192528. I-PMID: 31570648 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31570648/.