UPertussis

I-Pertussis yisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu esibangelwa amagciwane esidala ukukhwehlela okungalawuleki, okunodlame. Ukukhwehlela kungenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Umsindo ojulile "ongahambisani" uvame ukuzwakala lapho umuntu ezama ukuphefumula.

I-Pertussis, noma ukukhwehlela, yisifo esingenhla sokuphefumula. Kubangelwa i- I-Bordetella pertussis amagciwane. Yisifo esibi esingahlasela abantu banoma isiphi ubudala futhi sidale ukukhubazeka unomphela ezinganeni, nasekufeni.

Lapho umuntu onegciwane ethimula noma ekhwehlela, amaconsi amancane aqukethe amabhaktheriya ahamba emoyeni. Lesi sifo sisakazeka kalula sisuka kumuntu siye komunye.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka zivame ukuthatha amasonto ayisithupha, kepha zingahlala isikhathi esingamaviki ayishumi.

Izimpawu zokuqala zifana nomkhuhlane ovamile. Ezimweni eziningi, zikhula cishe isonto ngemuva kokuchayeka kumagciwane.

Iziqephu ezinzima zokukhwehlela ziqala cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-12 kamuva. Ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane, ukukhwehlela kwesinye isikhathi kugcina ngomsindo "whoop". Umsindo ukhiqizwa lapho umuntu ezama ukuthatha umoya. Umsindo we-whoop awuvamile ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala nasezinganeni ezindala noma kubantu abadala.

Ukukhwehlela kungaholela ekuhlanzeni noma ekulahlekelweni okuncane kwesikhashana. I-Pertussis kufanele njalo ibhekwe lapho ukuhlanza kwenzeka ngokukhwehlela. Ezinganeni, ukuthakatha nezikhathi ezinde zokuphefumula kuvamile.

Ezinye izimpawu ze-pertussis zifaka:

• Iphunga eligijimayo
• Umkhuhlane omncane, 102 ° F (38.9 ° C) noma ngaphansi
• Uhudo

Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kuvame ukususelwa kuzimpawu. Kodwa-ke, lapho izimpawu zingabonakali, i-pertussis ingaba nzima ukuyithola. Ezinsaneni ezisencane kakhulu, izimpawu zingabangelwa i-pneumonia esikhundleni salokho.

Ukwazi ngokuqinisekile, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angathatha isampula le-mucus emicwini yamakhala. Isampula ithunyelwa ebhodini futhi ihlolwe i-pertussis. Ngenkathi lokhu kunganikeza ukuxilongwa okunembile, ukuhlolwa kuthatha isikhathi esithile. Isikhathi esiningi, ukwelashwa kuqala ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela ilungele.

Abanye abantu bangaba nesibalo segazi esiphelele esibonisa inani elikhulu lama-lymphocyte.

Uma iqale kusenesikhathi ngokwanele, ama-antibiotic anjenge-erythromycin angenza izimpawu zisheshe zisheshe. Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi batholakala sekwephuze kakhulu, lapho ama-antibiotic engasebenzi kahle. Kodwa-ke, le mithi ingasiza ekwehliseni ikhono lomuntu lokusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye.

Izinsana ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-18 zidinga ukugadwa njalo ngoba ukuphefumula kwazo kungama okwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela. Izinsana ezinamacala abucayi kufanele zilaliswe esibhedlela.

Itende le-oxygen elinomswakama ophezulu lingasetshenziswa.

Uketshezi lunganikezwa ngomthambo uma iziphonso zokukhwehlela zinzima ngokwanele ukuvimbela umuntu ekuphuzeni uketshezi olwanele.

Izindlela zokwelapha (imithi yokwenza ulale) zingabekelwa izingane ezincane.

Ukuhlanganiswa kokukhwehlela, ama-expectorants, kanye ne-suppressants kaningi akusizi. Le mithi AKUFANELE isetshenziswe.

Ezinganeni ezindadlana, umbono uvame ukuba muhle kakhulu. Izinsana zinengozi enkulu kakhulu yokufa, futhi zidinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Inyumoniya
• Ukudlikizela
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo (unomphela)
• Ukopha ngamakhala
• Ukutheleleka ezindlebeni
• Ukulimala kobuchopho ngokushoda komoya-mpilo
• Ukopha ebuchosheni (ukopha ebuchosheni)
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• Ukuphuza kancane noma ukuyeka ukuphefumula (i-apnea)
• Ukufa

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma wena noma ingane yakho iqala izimpawu ze-pertussis.

Shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo uma umuntu enalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Umbala wesikhumba o-Bluish, okhombisa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo
• Izikhathi zokuphefumula okuyekile (i-apnea)
• Ukudlikizela noma ukudlikizela
• Umkhuhlane omkhulu
• Ukuphalaza okuqhubekayo
• Ukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni

Ukugonywa kwe-DTaP, okunye kokugonywa kwezingane okunconywayo, kuvikela izingane ekuthelelekeni nge-pertussis. Umuthi wokugoma we-DTaP unganikezwa ngokuphepha ezinganeni. Kunconywa imishanguzo emihlanu ye-DTaP. Imvamisa zinikezwa izingane ezineminyaka emibili izinyanga ezimbili, izinyanga ezine, izinyanga eziyisithupha, izinyanga eziyi-15 kuye kwezingu-18, neminyaka emi-4 kuye kwengu-6.

Umuthi wokugoma we-TdaP kufanele unikezwe uneminyaka eyi-11 noma eyi-12.

Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka komqubuko, izingane ezingagonyiwe ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 akufanele ziye esikoleni noma emibuthanweni yomphakathi. Kufanele futhi bahlukaniswe nanoma ngubani owaziwayo noma osolwa ukuthi unaleli gciwane. Lokhu kufanele kugcine izinsuku eziyi-14 ngemuva kwecala lokugcina elibikiwe.

Kunconywa nokuthi abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-19 nangaphezulu bathole umthamo owodwa womuthi wokugoma we-TdaP olwa ne-pertussis.

I-TdaP ibaluleke kakhulu kochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo nanoma ngubani oxhumana kakhulu nengane engaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 ubudala.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathole umthamo we-TdaP phakathi nakho konke ukukhulelwa phakathi kwamaviki angama-27 kuya kwangama-36 okukhulelwa, ukuvikela umntwana osanda kuzalwa emgodini.

Ukukhohlela okubi

• Ukubuka konke kwesistimu yokuphefumula

UKim DK, uHunter P. Ikomidi Elelulekayo Lemikhuba Yokugoma lancoma uhlelo lokugoma lwabantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-19 noma ngaphezulu - e-United States, 2019. IMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019; 68 (5): 115-118. I-PMID: 30730868 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30730868.

URobinson CL, uBernstein H, uRomero JR, uSzilagyi P; Ikomidi Elelulekayo Lemikhuba Yokugoma (ACIP) Iqembu Lomsebenzi Wokugoma Kwezingane / Ezintsha. Ikomidi Elelulekayo Lemikhuba Yokugoma lincome uhlelo lokugoma lwezingane nentsha eneminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphansi - e-United States, 2019. IMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019; 68 (5): 112-114. I-PMID: 30730870 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30730870.

I-Souder E, i-SS ende. I-Pertussis (IBordetella pertussis neBordetella parapertussis). Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 224.

Izikhungo ze-United States Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbela Izifo iwebhusayithi. Isitatimende semininingwane yokugoma: Umuthi wokugoma i-Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria kanye ne-pertussis). www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/tdap.pdf. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 24, 2015. Kufinyelelwe kuSepthemba 5, 2019.