I-Tetralogy of Fallot

I-Tetralogy of Fallot uhlobo lwesifo senhliziyo esizalwe naso. I-Congenital isho ukuthi ikhona lapho izalwa.

I-Tetralogy of Fallot idala amazinga e-oxygen aphansi egazini. Lokhu kuholela ku-cyanosis (umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nonsomi esikhunjeni).

Ifomu elijwayelekile lifaka ukukhubazeka okune kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi emikhulu:

• Isici se-septal se-Ventricular (imbobo phakathi kwama-ventricles angakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele)
• Ukuncipha kwepheshana lokuphuma kwamaphaphu (i-valve nomthambo oxhuma inhliziyo namaphaphu)
• Ukweqa i-aorta (umthambo ophethe igazi elicebile oksijini emzimbeni) eligudlulwa phezu kwe-ventricle efanele kanye ne-ventricular septal defect, esikhundleni sokuphuma kuphela ku-ventricle engakwesokunxele
• Udonga olujiyile lwe-ventricle efanele (i-ventricular hypertrophy yangakwesokudla)

I-Tetralogy ye-Fallot ayivamile, kepha iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yesifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa se-cyanotic. Kwenzeka ngokulinganayo kaningi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Abantu abane-tetralogy of Fallot maningi amathuba okuthi babe nokunye ukukhubazeka okuzalwa nakho.

Ayaziwa imbangela yamaphutha enhliziyo azalwe kakhulu. Ziningi izinto ezibonakala zihilelekile.

Izici ezandisa ubungozi balesi simo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zifaka:

• Ukuphuza ngokweqile kumama
• Isifo sikashukela
• Umama oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala
• Ukungondleki kahle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• URubella noma ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Izingane ezine-tetralogy ye-Fallot zinamathuba amaningi okuba nezinkinga ze-chromosome, njenge-Down syndrome, i-Alagille syndrome, ne-DiGeorge syndrome (isimo esidala ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, amazinga aphansi e-calcium, nokungasebenzi kahle komzimba).

Izimpawu zifaka:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni (i-cyanosis), esiba sibi kakhulu lapho ingane icasukile
• Ukuxhunyaniswa kweminwe (ukukhuliswa kwesikhumba noma kwethambo ezungeze izinzipho)
• Ukudla okunzima (imikhuba emibi yokudla)
• Ukwehluleka ukuthola isisindo
• Ukudlula
• Intuthuko engeyinhle
• Ukuhlala ngezikhathi zeziqephu ze-cyanosis

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba nge-stethoscope cishe njalo kuveza ukububula kwenhliziyo.

Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• I-Echocardiogram
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• I-MRI yenhliziyo (imvamisa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa)
• I-CT yenhliziyo

Ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa i-tetralogy ye-Fallot kwenziwa lapho usana lusencane kakhulu, imvamisa ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Kwesinye isikhathi, kudingeka ukuhlinzwa okungaphezu kokukodwa. Lapho kusetshenziswa ukuhlinzwa okungaphezu kokukodwa, ukuhlinzwa kokuqala kwenziwa ukusiza ukukhuphula ukugeleza kwegazi kuye emaphashini.

Ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa inkinga kungenziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imvamisa kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa okulungisa okukodwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila. Ukuhlinzwa okulungiswayo kwenziwa ukuze kunwetshwe ingxenye yomgudu wamaphaphu omncane nokuvala isici se-septal se-ventricular nge-patch.

Amacala amaningi angalungiswa ngokuhlinzwa. Izingane ezihlinzwa ngokuvamile zenza kahle. Bangaphezu kuka-90% abasinda ebudaleni futhi baphila impilo esebenzayo, enempilo, futhi ekhiqizayo. Ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, ukufa kuvame ukwenzeka lapho umuntu efika eminyakeni engama-20.

Abantu abaqhubekile, ukuvuza okukhulu kwe-valve yamaphaphu kungadinga ukuthi kufakwe i-valve esikhundleni.

Ukulandelwa njalo kwe-cardiologist kunconywa kakhulu.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukukhula okubambezelekile nentuthuko
• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile (arrhythmias)
• Ukuquleka ngezikhathi lapho kungekho i-oxygen eyanele
• Ukufa ngokuboshwa kwenhliziyo, noma ngemuva kokulungiswa kokuhlinzwa

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha ezingachazwanga noma ingane inesiqephu se-cyanosis (isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).

Uma ingane ene-tetralogy of Fallot iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, masinyane beka ingane ohlangothini noma emhlane wayo bese ubeka amadolo esifubeni. Yehlisa umoya ingane bese ufuna usizo lwezempilo khona lapho.

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvikela lesi simo.

I-Tet; TOF; Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa - i-tetralogy; Isifo senhliziyo se-cyanotic - i-tetralogy; Isici sokuzalwa - i-tetralogy

• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo yezingane - ukukhishwa

• Inhliziyo - isigaba phakathi nendawo
• I-Tetralogy of Fallot
• I-Cyanotic ’Tet spell’

UBernstein D. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso seCyanotic: ukuhlolwa kwe-neonate egula kakhulu nge-cyanosis nokucindezeleka kokuphefumula. Ku: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, ama-eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 456.

I-Fraser CD, uKane LC. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. ISabiston Incwadi Yokuhlinzwa: Isisekelo Sebhayoloji Sokuzijwayeza Kwamanje Kokuhlinzwa. Umhla ka-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 58.

I-Webb GD, iSmallhorn JF, uTherrien J, uRedington AN. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso esigulini esidala nesingane. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 75.