IHydrocephalus

IHydrocephalus iyinqwaba yoketshezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi oluholela ekuvuvukala kobuchopho.

IHydrocephalus isho ukuthi "amanzi asebuchosheni."

IHydrocephalus ingenxa yenkinga yokugeleza koketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho. Lolu ketshezi lubizwa ngokuthi yi-cerebrospinal fluid, noma i-CSF. Uketshezi luzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla futhi kusiza ukugoqa ubuchopho.

I-CSF imvamisa ihamba ebuchosheni nasentanyeni yomgogodla bese ifakwa egazini. Amazinga e-CSF ebuchosheni angakhuphuka uma:

• Ukuhamba kwe-CSF kuvinjiwe.
• Uketshezi alungeni kahle egazini.
• Ingqondo yenza uketshezi oluningi kakhulu.

I-CSF eningi kakhulu ibeka ingcindezi ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuphusha ubuchopho phezulu kugebhezi futhi kulimaze izicubu zobuchopho.

IHydrocephalus ingaqala ngenkathi ingane ikhula esibelethweni. Kuvamile ezinganeni ezine-myelomeningocele, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa lapho ikholomu lomgogodla lingavali kahle.

I-Hydrocephalus nayo ingabangelwa:

• Ukukhubazeka kofuzo
• Ukutheleleka okuthile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ezinganeni ezincane, i-hydrocephalus ingahle ibangelwe yi:

• Izifo ezithinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko (njenge-meningitis noma i-encephalitis), ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.
• Ukopha ebuchosheni ngesikhathi noma ngemuva nje kokubeletha (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi).
• Ukulimala ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokubeletha, kufaka phakathi i-subarachnoid hemorrhage.
• Izimila zesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi, kufaka phakathi ubuchopho noma umgogodla.
• Ukulimala noma ukuhlukumezeka.

I-Hydrocephalus ivame ukuvela ezinganeni. Olunye uhlobo, olubizwa nge-pressure evamile i-hydrocephalus, kungenzeka kubantu abadala nasebekhulile.

Izimpawu ze-hydrocephalus zincike ku:

• Ubudala
• Inani lokulimala kobuchopho
• Yini ebangela ukwakheka koketshezi lwe-CSF

Ezinsaneni, i-hydrocephalus ibangela i-fontanelle (indawo ethambile) ukuba iqhume futhi ikhanda libe likhulu kunokulindelekile. Izimpawu zokuqala zingafaka futhi:

• Amehlo abonakala ebheke phansi
• Ukuthukuthela
• Ukuquleka
• Ama-suture ahlukanisiwe
• Ukulala
• Ukuhlanza

Izimpawu ezingenzeka ezinganeni ezindala zingabandakanya:

• Ukukhala okufishane, okunciphisayo, okuphezulu
• Izinguquko ebuntwini, kwimemori, noma emandleni okucabanga noma ukucabanga
• Izinguquko ekubukekeni kobuso nasekuhlukanisweni kwamehlo
• Amehlo awele noma ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungalawulwa
• Ukudla okunzima
• Ukulala ngokweqile
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuthukuthela, ukulawula intukuthelo embi
• Ukulahlekelwa kokulawulwa kwesinye (ukungahambisani nomchamo)
• Ukulahleka kokuxhumana kanye nenkinga yokuhamba
• Ukuqina kwemisipha (spasm)
• Ukukhula kancane (ingane engu-0 kuye eminyakeni engu-5)
• Ukuhamba okuhamba kancane noma okunomkhawulo
• Ukuhlanza

Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzohlola ingane. Lokhu kungakhombisa:

• Imithambo eyeluliwe noma evuvukile ekhanda lengane.
• Imisindo engajwayelekile lapho umhlinzeki eshaya kancane kugebhezi, okuphakamisa inkinga ngamathambo ogebhezi.
• Konke noma ingxenye yekhanda ingaba nkulu kunokujwayelekile, imvamisa ingxenye engaphambili.
• Amehlo abukeka "eshonile phakathi."
• Ingxenye emhlophe yeso ivela ngaphezu kwendawo enemibala, iyenze ibukeke "njengelanga lishona."
• I-Reflexes ingaba evamile.

Izilinganiso zokuphindaphindwa kwekhanda eziphindaphindwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zingakhombisa ukuthi ikhanda liyakhula.

I-head CT scan ingenye yezivivinyo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlonza i-hydrocephalus. Olunye uvivinyo olungenziwa lubandakanya:

• I-Arteriography
• Ukuskena kobuchopho usebenzisa ama-radioisotopes
• I-Cranial ultrasound (i-ultrasound yobuchopho)
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar nokuhlolwa kwe-fluid ye-cerebrospinal (akuvamile ukwenziwa)
• Ukhakhayi x-ray

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela ukulimala kobuchopho ngokwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwe-CSF.

Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ukususa ukuvimba, uma kungenzeka.

Uma kungenjalo, ithubhu eliguquguqukayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-shunt lingabekwa ebuchosheni ukuphinda kusebenze ukugeleza kwe-CSF. I-shunt ithumela i-CSF kwenye ingxenye yomzimba, efana nendawo yesisu, lapho ingangena khona.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zingafaka:

• Ama-antibiotic uma kunezimpawu zokutheleleka. Izifo ezinzima zingadinga ukuthi i-shunt isuswe.
• Inqubo ebizwa nge-endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), eqeda ingcindezi ngaphandle kokufaka esikhundleni se-shunt.
• Ukususa noma ukushisa (cauterizing) izingxenye zobuchopho ezikhiqiza i-CSF.

Ingane izodinga ukuhlolwa njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azikho ezinye izinkinga. Ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa njalo ukubheka ukukhula kwengane, nokubheka izinkinga zengqondo, zemizwa, noma zomzimba.

Abahlengikazi abavakashelayo, izinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle, amaqembu okusekela, kanye nama-ejensi asendaweni anganikeza ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo nosizo ngokunakekelwa kwengane ene-hydrocephalus eyonakele kakhulu ebuchosheni.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, abantu abayisithupha kwabayishumi abane-hydrocephalus bazofa. Labo abasindayo bazoba namanani ahlukene okukhubazeka ngokomqondo, ngokomzimba nangokwemizwa.

Umbono uncike embangela. I-Hydrocephalus engekho ngenxa yokutheleleka inombono omuhle kakhulu. Abantu abane-hydrocephalus ebangelwa izicubu bavame ukwenza kabi kakhulu.

Iningi lezingane ezine-hydrocephalus eziphila unyaka owodwa zizoba nempilo ejwayelekile.

I-shunt ingavinjelwa. Izimpawu zokuvaleka okunjalo zifaka phakathi ikhanda nokuhlanza. Odokotela abahlinzayo bangakwazi ukusiza i-shunt ivuleke ngaphandle kokuyifaka esikhundleni sayo.

Kungase kube nezinye izinkinga nge-shunt, njenge-kinking, ukuhlukaniswa kwamashubhu, noma ukutheleleka endaweni ye-shunt.

Ezinye izinkinga zingafaka:

• Izinkinga zokuhlinzwa
• Izifo ezifana ne-meningitis noma i-encephalitis
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• Ukulimala kwemithambo (ukwehla kokunyakaza, ukuzwa, ukusebenza)
• Ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba

Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ingane yakho inezimpawu zalesi sifo. Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma shayela ku-911 uma kwenzeka izimpawu zesimo esiphuthumayo, njenge:

• Izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Ukozela ngokweqile noma ukulala
• Ukondla ubunzima
• Imfiva
• Ukukhala okuphezulu
• Akukho ukushaya kwenhliziyo (ukushaya kwenhliziyo)
• Ukuquleka
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Intamo eqinile
• Ukuhlanza

Kufanele futhi ushayele umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Ingane kutholakale ukuthi ine-hydrocephalus, futhi isimo siba sibi kakhulu.
• Awukwazi ukunakekela ingane ekhaya.

Vikela ikhanda losana noma lengane ekulimaleni. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kwezifo nezinye izifo ezihambisana ne-hydrocephalus kunganciphisa ubungozi bokuphazamiseka.

Amanzi ebuchosheni

• I-Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - ukukhipha

• Ukhakhayi losana olusanda kuzalwa

UJamil O, uKestle JRW. I-Heydocephalus ezinganeni: i-etiology kanye nokuphathwa okuphelele. Ku: Winn HR, ed. Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Youmans neWinn Neurological. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 197.

UKinsman SL, uJohnston MV. Okuzenzakalelayo kokuzalwa kwesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 609.

IRosenberg GA. I-edema yobuchopho nokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwe-cerebrospinal fluid. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 88.