Inqubulunjwana

I-chickenpox ukutheleleka ngegciwane lapho umuntu eba namabhamuza alusayo kakhulu emzimbeni wonke. Kwakuvame kakhulu esikhathini esedlule. Ukugula kuyivelakancane namuhla ngenxa yomuthi wokugomela inkukhu.

I-chickenpox ibangelwa igciwane le-varicella-zoster. Kuyilungu lomndeni we-herpesvirus. Igciwane elifanayo nalo lidala ama-shingles kubantu abadala.

I-chickenpox ingasakazeka kalula kwabanye kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-2 ngaphambi kokuthi amabhamuza avele kuze kube yilapho wonke amabhamuza esephelile. Ungathola ingxibongo:

• Kusuka ekuthinteni uketshezi oluvela ebhamuveni lenkukhu
• Uma umuntu onalesi sifo ekhwehlela noma ethimula eduze kwakho

Izimo eziningi zikankukhu ezitholayo zivela ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10. Lesi sifo sivame ukuba mnene, yize kungenzeka ukuthi kube nezinkinga ezinkulu. Abantu abadala nezingane ezindala bagula kakhulu kunezingane ezincane ezimweni eziningi.

Izingane ezinomama abanenkukhu noma abathola umuthi wokugomela izinkukhu akunakwenzeka ukuthi bazibambe ngaphambi kokuba babe nonyaka owodwa. Uma bebamba inkukhu, bavame ukuba namacala amancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba avela egazini labomama bawo ayasiza ukuwavikela. Izingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa omama babo abangazange babe nayo ingxibongo noma umuthi wokugoma bangathola ingxibongo enzima.

Izimpawu ezinzima zengxibongo yenkukhu zivame kakhulu ezinganeni amasosha omzimba wazo angasebenzi kahle.

Iningi lezingane ezinezinkukhu linezimpawu ezilandelayo ngaphambi kokuvela kokuqubuka:

• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Isisu esibuhlungu

Ukuqhuma kwenkukhu kwenzeka cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-21 ngemuva kokuhlangana nomuntu onalesi sifo. Ezimweni eziningi, ingane izokhula amabhamuza amancane angama-250 kuya kwangama-500, alumayo, agcwele uketshezi ngaphezulu kwamabala abomvu esikhunjeni.

• Amabhamuza avame ukubonakala ebusweni, maphakathi nomzimba, noma ekhanda.
• Ngemuva kosuku noma ezimbili, amabhamuza abe namafu abese eba notwayi. Okwamanje, amabhamuza amasha akha ngamaqembu. Zivame ukuvela emlonyeni, esithweni sangasese, nasezinkophe.
• Izingane ezinezinkinga zesikhumba, njenge-eczema, zingathola izinkulungwane zamabhaladi.

Iningi lombungu ngeke lishiye izibazi ngaphandle kokuthi litheleleke ngamagciwane kusukela ekuklwebheni.

Ezinye izingane ezithole umuthi wokugoma zisazoqhubeka nokukhula kwesifo sengxibongo. Ezimweni eziningi, zilulama ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zinezimbuzi ezimbalwa (ezingaphansi kuka-30). Lawa macala kaningi kunzima ukuwaxilonga. Kodwa-ke, lezi zingane zisengasakaza ingxibongo kwabanye.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uvame ukuxilonga umkhuhlane wenkukhu ngokubheka ukuqubuka nokubuza imibuzo ngomlando wezokwelapha womuntu. Amabhamuza amancane ekhanda aqinisekisa ukuxilongwa ezimweni eziningi.

Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, uma kudingeka.

Ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukugcina umuntu enethezekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Nazi izinto ozozama:

• Gwema ukuklwebha noma ukukhuhla izindawo ezilumayo. Gcina izinzipho zifushane ukuze ugweme ukulimaza isikhumba ekuzinwaya.
• Gqoka izingubo zokulala ezipholile, ezikhanyayo nezikhululekile. Gwema ukugqoka izingubo ezimangelengele, ikakhulukazi uboya, endaweni elumayo.
• Thatha okugeza okusivivi usebenzisa insipho encane bese ugeza kahle. Zama i-oatmeal yesikhumba noma i-cornstarch bath.
• Faka isithambisi esithobisayo ngemuva kokugeza ukuthambisa nokupholisa isikhumba.
• Gwema ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekushiseni ngokweqile nomswakama.
• Zama ama-antihistamine omlomo ngaphezu kwe-counter afana ne-diphenhydramine (Benadryl), kodwa qaphela imiphumela emibi engaba khona, njengokulala.
• Zama ukhilimu we-hydrocortisone ongaphezulu kwekhawunda ezindaweni ezilukhuni.

Imithi elwa negciwane le-chickenpox iyatholakala, kepha ayinikezwa wonke umuntu. Ukuze usebenze kahle, umuthi kufanele uqalwe kungakapheli amahora angama-24 okuqala wokuqubuka.

• Imithi elwa namagciwane ayivamisile ukunikezwa ezinye izingane ezinempilo ezingenazo izimpawu ezinzima. Abantu abadala kanye nentsha, abasengozini yokuba nezimpawu ezinzima, bangahlomula ngemithi elwa namagciwane uma inikezwa kusenesikhathi.
• Imithi elwa namagciwane ingabaluleka kakhulu kulabo abanezimo zesikhumba (njenge-eczema noma ukushiswa yilanga muva nje), izimo zamaphaphu (njenge-asthma), noma abasanda kuthatha i-steroids.
• Abanye abahlinzeki baphinde banikeze imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane kubantu abasemzini ofanayo nabo abahlakulela ingxibongo, ngoba imvamisa bayoba nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu.

UNGANIKI i-aspirin noma i-ibuprofen kumuntu ongase abe nenkukhu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-aspirin kuhlotshaniswe nesimo esibi esibizwa ngeReye syndrome. I-Ibuprofen ihlotshaniswa nezifo zesibili ezinzima kakhulu. I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol) ingasetshenziswa.

Ingane ephethwe yizinkukhu akufanele ibuyele esikoleni noma idlale nezinye izingane kuze kube yilapho zonke izilonda zenkukhu sezikhile noma zomile. Abantu abadala kufanele balandele lo mthetho ofanayo ngenkathi becubungula ukuthi bazobuyela nini emsebenzini noma babe eduze kwabanye.

Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu uyalulama ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Uma usuphethwe yizinkukhu, igciwane livame ukuhlala lilele noma lilele emzimbeni wakho impilo yakho yonke. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi uzoba nezingcwecwe lapho leli gciwane liphinda livela ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka.

Kuyaqabukela, ukutheleleka kobuchopho kwenzeke. Ezinye izinkinga zingafaka:

• I-Reye syndrome
• Ukutheleleka kwemisipha yenhliziyo
• Inyumoniya
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene noma ukuvuvukala

I-Cerebellar ataxia ingavela phakathi kwesigaba sokutakula noma kamuva. Lokhu kufaka ukuhamba okungazinzile kakhulu.

Abesifazane abathola i-chickenpox ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa bangadlulisela ukutheleleka enganeni ekhulayo. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zisengozini yokutheleleka kanzima.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inenkukhu noma uma ingane yakho ingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-12 ubudala futhi ingazange igonyelwe inkukhu.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-chickenpox isemoyeni futhi isakazeka kalula ngisho nangaphambi kokuvela kokuqubuka, kunzima ukukugwema.

Umuthi wokugomela ukuvimbela ingxibongo uyingxenye yohlelo lokugoma lwengane njalo.

Umuthi wokugoma uvame ukuvimbela ngokuphelele isifo sikaphikisi noma senze ukugula kube mnene kakhulu.

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ingaba sengcupheni enkulu yezinkinga futhi kungenzeka ivezwe obala. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela zisuka nje kungabalulekile. Ukunikeza umuthi wokugoma kusenesikhathi ngemuva kokuchayeka kunganciphisa ubunzima besifo.

I-Varicella; Inqubulunjwana

• I-Chickenpox - isilonda emlenzeni
• Inqubulunjwana
• I-chickenpox - izilonda esifubeni
• I-chickenpox, i-pneumonia enamandla - i-x-ray yesifuba
• I-chickenpox - ukuvala

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Isitatimende semininingwane yokugoma. Umuthi wokugomela i-Varicella (chickenpox). www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/varicella.pdf. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 15, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Septhemba 5, 2019.

ILaRussa PS, uMarin M, uGershon AA. Igciwane le-Varicella-zoster. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 280.

URobinson CL, uBernstein H, uRomero JR, uSzilagyi P; Ikomidi Elelulekayo Lemikhuba Yokugoma (ACIP) Iqembu Lomsebenzi Wokugoma Kwezingane / Ezintsha. Ikomidi Elelulekayo Lemikhuba Yokugoma lincome uhlelo lokugoma lwezingane nentsha eneminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphansi - e-United States, 2019. IMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019; 68 (5): 112-114. I-PMID: 30730870 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30730870.

Lo mbhalo usebenzisa imininingwane ngemvume evela ku-Alan Greene, MD, © Greene Ink, Inc.